An Investigation of Different Language Choice through Personal Pronouns in the Twitter
Keywords:
Personal Pronoun, Twitter, AntConc
Abstract
This study aimed to find evidence regarding the use of personal pronouns in the discourses produced by males and females. Personal pronouns were chosen as the object of analysis, as several studies has suggested them as one of the features that may distinguish the gender of the authors. This study analysed publically available corpus, Rovereto Twitter N-Gram Corpus (RTC), utilized by Herdagdelen (2013). It is gender-of-the-author tagged, which makes the author’s gender analysis easier. The corpus was analysed using AntConc (Anthony, 2014). From AntConc’s concordance analysis, it was found that women utilised more personal pronouns, especially the ones that can create closer bond. On the other hand, men have greater tendency to distant themselves using generic pronouns than women. In conclusion, men and women in this study may use personal pronouns differently.
Keyword: Personal Pronoun, Twitter, AntConc
References
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Seyyedrezaie, Z.S. and Vahedi, V.S. (2017). Projecting Gender Identity Through Metadiscourse Marking: Investigating Writers’ Stance Taking In Written Discourse. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Sun, Y., Wang, N., Shen, X., & Zhang, J. (2015). Location information disclosure in location-based social network services: privacy calculus, benefit structure, and gender differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, pp. 278-292.
Talbot, M. (2003). Gender Stereotypes: Reproduction and Challenge. In: Holmes, J., & Meyerhoff, M. (eds.). (2003). The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.468-486.
Tannen, D. (1994). Gender & Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Fine, J. and Shimoni, A.R. (2003). Gender, genre, and writing style in formal written texts. Text-, 23(3), pp. 321-346. Available from http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/text.1.2003.23.issue-3/text.2003.014/text.2003.014.xml [Accessed 2 November 2015].
Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Pennebaker, J.W. and Schler, J. (2007). Mining the blogosphere: Age, Gender, and the Varieties of Self-expression. First Monday, 12(9).
Baker, P. (2008). ‘Eligible’ Bachelors and ‘Frustrated’ Spinsters: Corpus Linguistics, Gender and Language. In Harrington et al., pp. 73-84.
Baker, P. (2010). Corpus Method in Linguistics. In Litosseliti, pp. 93-116.
Bamman, B., Eisenstein, J. and Schnoebelen, T. (2014). Gender Identity and Lexical Variation in Social Media. Journal of Sociolinguistics 18(2): pp. 135–160.
Burger, J.D., Henderson, J., Kim, G. and Zarrella, G. (2011). Discriminating gender on Twitter. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 1301–1309. In Bamman, B., Eisenstein, J. and Schnoebelen, T. (2014). Gender Identity and Lexical Variation in Social Media. Journal of Sociolinguistics 18(2): pp. 135–160.
Cameron, D. (1992). Feminism and Linguistic Theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Cameron, D. (2003). Gender and Language Ideologies. In: Holmes, J., & Meyerhoff, M. (eds.). (2003). The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 447-467.
Cameron, D., & Panovic, I. (2014). Working with Written Discourse. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Charles, M., Pecorari, D. and Hunston, S. (eds.). (2009). Academic Writing: At the Interface of Corpus and Discourse. London: Continuum.
Coates, J. (2004). Women, Men and Language, 3rd ed. London: Pearson Education.
Crystal, D. (2006). Language and the Internet, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cunha, E., Magno, G., Goncalves, M.A., Cambraia, C. & Almeida, V. (2014). He Votes or She Votes? Female and Male Discursive Strategies in Twitter Political Hashtags. PLOS One, 9(1), pp. 1-8.
Eckert, P. and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1995). Constructing meaning, constructing selves: Snapshots of language, gender, and class from Belten High. In Hall et al., pp. 469–507.
Eleta, I. and Golbeck, J. (2014). Multilingual use of Twitter: Social networks at the language frontier. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, pp. 424-432.
Hall, K. and Bucholtz, M., eds. (1995). Gender Articulated: Arrangements of Language and the Socially Constructed Self. New York: Routledge.
Harrington, K. (2008). Perpetuating Difference? Corpus Linguistics and the Gendering of Reported Dialogue. In Harrington et al., pp. 85-102.
Harrington, K., Litosseliti, L., Sauntson, H. and Sunderland, J., eds. (2008). Gender and Language Research Methodologies. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harwood, N. (2005). ‘Nowhere has anyone attempted.. In this article I aim to do just that’: A corpus-based study of self-promotional I and we in academic writing across four disciplines. Journal of Pragmatics, 37, pp. 1207-1231.
Herdagdelen, A. (2013). Rovereto Twitter N-Gram Corpus. Available from http://clic.cimec.unitn.it/amac/twitter_ngram/en.1grams.gz [Accessed 2 December 2015].
Herdagdelen, A. (2013). Twitter N-Gram Corpus with Demographic Metadata. Language Resources & Evaluation, 47, pp. 1127-1147.
Holmes, J. (1993). Women’s talk: The Question of Sociolinguistic Universals. Australian Journal of Communication, 20(3), pp. 125-148.
Holmes, J., & Meyerhoff, M. (eds.). (2003). The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hosseini, M. and Tammimy, Z. (2016). Recognizing Users Gender in Social Media using Linguistic Features. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, pp. 192-197.
Hyland, K. (2009). Corpus Informed Discourse Analysis: The Case of Academic Engagement. In Charles, M., Pecorari, D. and Hunston, S., eds., Academic Writing: At the Interface of Corpus and Discourse. London: Continuum. Pp.110-128.
Jasmani, et al. (2011). Verbs and Gender: The Hidden Agenda of a Multicultural Society. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, Vol 17 (2011)
Lakoff, R. (1975). Language and Woman’s Place. New York: Harper & Row.
Litosseliti, L., ed. (2010). Research Method in Linguistics. London: Continuum.
Mautner, G. (2007). Mining Large Corpora for Social Information: The Case of Elderly. Language in Society, 36(1), pp. 51-72.
Newman, M. L., Groom, C. J., Handelman, L. D. and Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Gender differences in language use: An analysis of 14,000 text samples. Discourse Processes, 45(3), pp. 211-236.
O’Reilly, T. (2005). What is Web 2.0. Available from http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html?page=1 [Accessed 2 January 2016].
Partington, A., Duguid, A. and Taylor, C. (2013). Patterns and Meanings in Discourse: Theory and Practice in Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies (CADS). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Schmid, H.-J. and Fauth. J. (2003). Women’s and Men’s Style: Fact or Fiction? New Grammatical Evidence. Paper delivered at Corpus Linguistic Conference. Lancaster University, UK.
Seyyedrezaie, Z.S. and Vahedi, V.S. (2017). Projecting Gender Identity Through Metadiscourse Marking: Investigating Writers’ Stance Taking In Written Discourse. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Sun, Y., Wang, N., Shen, X., & Zhang, J. (2015). Location information disclosure in location-based social network services: privacy calculus, benefit structure, and gender differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, pp. 278-292.
Talbot, M. (2003). Gender Stereotypes: Reproduction and Challenge. In: Holmes, J., & Meyerhoff, M. (eds.). (2003). The Handbook of Language and Gender. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.468-486.
Tannen, D. (1994). Gender & Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Published
2017-05-28
How to Cite
Abdurahman, N. H. (2017). An Investigation of Different Language Choice through Personal Pronouns in the Twitter. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefll.v2i1.18
Section
Articles
