Speech Function in Teaching Speaking Skill: Evaluation, Analysis, and Recommendation
Keywords:
speech function, speaking skill, teaching of speaking, vocational school
Abstract
This study aims to assess and analyse the sorts of speech functions used by teachers in the tenth grade at one vocational high school in Jambi, Indonesia, and to identify the most prevalent kind. The study was carried out using descriptive qualitative research and descriptive analysis design. In this study, data were triangulated through observation and documentation. The study's targets were English teachers, and the transcribed data was divided into three categories of language functions. Holmes' concept is applied to classify speech functions. There are three types of utterance functions: expressive, imperative, and referential. The results showed that out of 60 speech functions, the directive function was applied by instructors the most frequently, accounting for 31 of them (51.66%). Directive one is the main reason, as it delivers interaction by directing and requesting the student. The study recommends that there are still many types of speech functions, but alternatively, directives are more prominent. Other researchers can gather data from many sources, including Instagram's English-language account, an English newspaper or magazine, and many more. The current study encourages English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to complete a task and determine an assignment for future research. Given the implications of directive functions for English teachers in teaching speaking skills and the ability to inquire about something and command and request learners to perform something.References
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Derakhshan, A., & Arabmofrad, A. (2018). The impact of instruction on the pragmatic comprehension of speech acts of apology, request, and refusal among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. English Teaching and Learning, 42(1), 75–94.
Dewi, I. A. P. A., Kardana, I. N., & Muliana, I. N. (2020). Functions of speech acts in “critical elevenâ€. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 6(1), 1–6.
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Retnowati, N. (2021). Advising speech act in an interactive story telling performed by an Islamic kindergarten teacher. English Journal, 15(2), 71.
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Suastini, N. W. (2016). The translation of english it-cleft sentences into Indonesian. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 2(4), 97–103.
Susilawati, E. (2019). The speech acts and the communicative functions performed in thesis examinations: a pragmatic analysis. JELTIM (Journal of English Language Teaching Innovations and Materials), 1(2), 87.
Tribus, A. C. (2017). The communicative functions of language: an exploration of roman Jakobson’s theory in tesol. MA TESOL Collection, 1–41.
Tunçel, H. (2015). The relationship between self-confidence and learning Turkish as a foreign language. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(18), 2575–2589.
Uspayanti, R. (2020). Assertive and expressive speech act used by English teachers and its implications. LETS: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Studies, 2(1), 25–43.
Widiasri, D. A., Budiarsa, M., Sudipa, I. N., & Satyawati, M. S. (2019). Speech act in Indonesian language teaching: an ethnography communication study. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 5(5), 55–62.
Wilany, E., Megah, S. I., & Iriyana, R. (2018). Speech function used in a little princess of frances hodgson burnett novel. Anglo-Saxon, 9(1), 63–72.
Wiyanto, S. M. (2020). Using speech function on efl classroom. Journal of English Teaching and Research, 5(October), 143–148.
Wuryaningrum, R. (2019). The referential function types in teacher explanation. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLITE 2018) (Vol. 257, pp. 116–120). Atlantis Press.
Yuliana., Lely, S., & Rohmana. (2019). The analysis of speech function used by English teachers at SMAN 5 Kendari. Journal of Teaching of English, 4(2), 11.
Ary, Donald., Lucy, C. J., Christine , K. S. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education Eighth Edition (C. Shortt (ed.); 8th ed.). Wards worth Cengage Learning. http://repository.unmas.ac.id/medias/journal/EBK-00124.pdf
Basra, S. M., & Thoyyibah, L. (2017). Speech act analysis of teacher talk in an EFL classroom. International Journal of Education, 10(1), 73.
Burns, A. (2019). Concepts for teaching speaking in the English language classroom1. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 12(1), 1–11.
Chakim, M. A., & Haris, D. (2019). An analysis of teacher speech act in giving motivation for English students. JELTII (Journal of English Language Teaching and Islamic Integration), 2(02), 218–229.
Chankova, M. (2019). Rejecting and challenging illocutionary acts. Pragmatics, 29(1), 33–56.
Derakhshan, A., & Arabmofrad, A. (2018). The impact of instruction on the pragmatic comprehension of speech acts of apology, request, and refusal among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. English Teaching and Learning, 42(1), 75–94.
Dewi, I. A. P. A., Kardana, I. N., & Muliana, I. N. (2020). Functions of speech acts in “critical elevenâ€. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 6(1), 1–6.
Djahimo, S.E.P., Dewi, I.N. B. B., & Elisna. H. (2018). Student anxiety and their speaking performance: teaching EFL to Indonesian student. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 187–195.
Erawati, Fitri, E. S. (2016). Developing English speaking materials for students of culinary study program at vocational school through task-based learning. Linguistik Terapan UNIMED, 13(1).
Faturrochman, R. G., Darmawan, A. A., & Hadi, F. (2021). Teacher talk in scientific approach in EFL classroom: A Speech Acts Perspective. SAGA: Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 35–46.
Holmes, J. (2013). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 4th edition. Pearson Education Limited (Vol. 4). 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge.
Imaniah, I., & Nurul, F. K. D. (2017). The student’s academic speaking skill achievement in terms of communication, personality and gender. In P. R. and J. Adamson (Ed.), Asian EFL Journal (Vol. 8, pp. 28–35). Australia: ELE Publishing.
Kauffeld, F. J., & Goodwin, J. (2022). Two views of speech acts: analysis and implications for argumentation theory. Languages, 7(2), 1–14.
Khaerunnisa et al. (2022). An analysis of speech function in English classroom interaction of English course at balle village kahu district bone regency, 03(July), 54–63.
Khoiriyah, U. (2022). Speech style used in teaching English through. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Proficiency, 4(2), 49–56.
Lee, J. (2022). An analysis of colloquial Singapore english lah and its interpretation across speech acts. Languages, 7(3).
Leech, G., Paul, R., & Andrew, W (2014). Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English. New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge.
Leong, L. M., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2017). An analysis of factors influencing learners’ English speaking skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 2(1), 34–41.
Levinson, S. C. (1991). Pragmatics. (B. Comrie, Ed.), Book series. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Menggo, S., Suastra, I. M., Budiarsa, M., & Padmadewi, N. N. (2019). Needs analysis of academic-english speaking material in promoting 21 st century skills. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 739–754.
Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis. An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California 91320: Sage publications.
Namaziandost, E., Shatalebi, V., & Nasri, M. (2019). The impact of cooperative learning on developing speaking ability and motivation toward learning English. Journal of Language and Education, 5(3), 83–101.
Nita, F. R., Setiawan, S., & Lestari, L. A. (2021). Meaning-making of internet memes to create humorous sense: Functions as Speech Acts. Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching, 5(2), 465–479.
Oluoch, M. O. (2020). An evaluation of the speech acts used in sermons from selected pentecostal churches in Eldoret town, Kenya. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 69, 56–64.
Palavan, O. (2017). Impact of drama education on the self-confidence and problem-solving skills of students of primary school education. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on E-Learning and E-Technologies in Education, Tangerang, Indonesia, 25(1), 187–202.
Hariati, P., Anni, H. P., & Rahmad, H. (2020). Illocutionary acts in jack ma’s inspiring speech in his graduation at the University of Hong Kong. Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 2(1), 384–394.
Rahayu, F. N., Arifin, M. B., & Ariani, S. (2018). Illocutionary act in the main characters’ utterances in mirror mirror movie. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 2(2), 175–187.
Rakaj, D. (2022). Speech acts in the efl classroom: the case of Kosovo. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 85, 1–7.
Raupovna, R. X. (2019). The formation of professional speech of students in the learning process at the university. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 7(12), 26–30.
Retnowati, N. (2021). Advising speech act in an interactive story telling performed by an Islamic kindergarten teacher. English Journal, 15(2), 71.
Santosa, A. W., & Kurniadi, A. (2021). Speech act analysis of teacher talk in EFL classroom. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 21(2), 101–107.
Searle, J. R. (1999). Mind, language and Society: Philosophy in the Real World (1st ed.). New York, NY, USA: Basic Books.
Siegel, J. (2016). Pragmatic activities for the speaking classroom. English Teaching Forum, 54(1), 12–19.
Suastini, N. W. (2016). The translation of english it-cleft sentences into Indonesian. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 2(4), 97–103.
Susilawati, E. (2019). The speech acts and the communicative functions performed in thesis examinations: a pragmatic analysis. JELTIM (Journal of English Language Teaching Innovations and Materials), 1(2), 87.
Tribus, A. C. (2017). The communicative functions of language: an exploration of roman Jakobson’s theory in tesol. MA TESOL Collection, 1–41.
Tunçel, H. (2015). The relationship between self-confidence and learning Turkish as a foreign language. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(18), 2575–2589.
Uspayanti, R. (2020). Assertive and expressive speech act used by English teachers and its implications. LETS: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Studies, 2(1), 25–43.
Widiasri, D. A., Budiarsa, M., Sudipa, I. N., & Satyawati, M. S. (2019). Speech act in Indonesian language teaching: an ethnography communication study. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 5(5), 55–62.
Wilany, E., Megah, S. I., & Iriyana, R. (2018). Speech function used in a little princess of frances hodgson burnett novel. Anglo-Saxon, 9(1), 63–72.
Wiyanto, S. M. (2020). Using speech function on efl classroom. Journal of English Teaching and Research, 5(October), 143–148.
Wuryaningrum, R. (2019). The referential function types in teacher explanation. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLITE 2018) (Vol. 257, pp. 116–120). Atlantis Press.
Yuliana., Lely, S., & Rohmana. (2019). The analysis of speech function used by English teachers at SMAN 5 Kendari. Journal of Teaching of English, 4(2), 11.
Published
2022-11-26
How to Cite
Taridi, M., Fitria, W., Supriusman, S., & Deska, R. (2022). Speech Function in Teaching Speaking Skill: Evaluation, Analysis, and Recommendation. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 7(2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v7i2.528
Section
Articles
