Tweeting for Influence: Political Buzzers’ Speech Acts in 2024 Presidential Campaign
Keywords:
multimodality, political discourse, political buzzers, presidential campaign, speech acts
Abstract
During the presidential campaign, political posts of the buzzers is massive, particularly on digital platforms. However, research on the speech act of buzzers is limited. The present study focuses on investigating the content of political campaigns produced by the buzzers in the posts on X platform, the intention of the buzzers, and the effect of the posts on the audience. The research employed a qualitative approach and netnography. The study analyzed the content of three buzzer accounts, each of which represents one presidential candidate. In this case, the researchers become complete observers (lurking) in the cross-sectional study design. A total of 528 posts were collected manually during the campaign period. All content, which included text, images, videos, and emojis, was observed and noted. Then, the data were analyzed by speech act theory. The findings highlighted the power of the multimodal elements presented in the posts as the locutionary acts to strengthen the message impact and to increase credibility, specifically in attacking the opponents. The analysis of illocutionary acts revealed that the buzzers’ domination in assertive, directive, expressive, and the combination of speech acts.The perlocutionary effect of the posts was reflected in the audience engagement through likes and retweets. It can be concluded that the buzzers reach the possible voters through various means of information and strategy to mobilize them through claims, command, and emotion. The implication of the research provides insights that the audience should be aware that buzzers’ multimodal post to reach massive voters.
References
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Ashfira, K. D., & Hardjanto, T. D. (2021). Assertive Speech Acts in Donald Trump’s Presidential Speeches. Lexicon, 7(1), 2021 https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64574
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press.
Brown, P., & Molete, M. (2024). A Pragmatic Analysis of Linguistic Manipulative Statements Displayed on Facebook Political Group Page. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 8(2), 2024 http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL
Bumi, S. M., Marni, S., & Tiawati, R. L. (2024). Expressive Speech Acts and Strategic Communication in Prabowo Subianto’s 2024 Presidential Campaign Speeches. Jurnal Bebasan, 11(2), 2024 https://doi.org/10.51817/bebasan.v11i2.242
Collister, L. B. (2013). Multimodality as a Sociolinguistic Resource. University of Pittsburgh.
Corchia, L. (2019). Political Communication in Social Networks Election Campaigns and Digital Data Analysis: A Bibliographic Review. Rivista Trimestrale Di Scienza Dell’Amministrazione, 2, 2019 https://doi.org/10.32049/RTSA.2019.2.04
Da Silva, G. G. (2021). Memes War. Philósophos - Revista de Filosofia, 25(2), 2021 https://doi.org/10.5216/phi.v25i2.64490
Dewantara, J. A., Syamsuri, Wandira, A., Afandi, Hartati, O., Cahya, N., Sapitri, P., & Heru Nurgiansah, T. (2022). The Role of Buzzers in Social Media in Guiding Public Opinion Regarding Political Choices. Journal of Etika Demokrasi, 7(3), 2022 https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v%vi%i.8103
Daeni, F. I. M., Rachmarani, F. A., & Utama, I. R. (2023). Pengaruh Buzzer Politik dalam Pemilu: Tantangan Terhadap Electoral Justice dalam Mempertahankan Prinsip Demokrasi. Padjadjaran Law Review, 11(2), 2023 https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v11i2.1288
Eriyanto (2021). Metode Netnografi. Rosda
Felicia, F. & Loisa, R. (2018). Peran Buzzer Politik dalam Aktivitas Kampanye di Media Sosial Twitter. Koneksi, 2(2), 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v2i2.3906
Geenen, J. (2023). Introduction: Multimodal (inter)action analysis. Multimodal Communication, 12(1), 2023. Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/mc-2023-0010
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Hidayatullah, S., Eka Aleksa, N., Shifa Azzahra, V., Nawal Fitah, S., & Khoirotun Nisa, P. (2024). The Role of Media “X” in Shaping Public Space in the 2024 Election. Journal of Social Science and Education Research, 1(6), 2024 DOI:10.59613/bdbq9e63
Ifechelobi, J. N., & Okpokiri, N. (2020). Positive Impoliteness Strategy in Political Discourse: A Textual Analysis of 2011-2015 Presidential Election Campaign Speeches in Selected Nigerian Newspapers. Interdisciplinary Journal of African and Asian Studies (IJAAS), 6(2), 2020
Jolayemi, D., Osoba, J. B., & Ariyo, K. (2021). Multimodal Discourse Analysis of 2012 Governorship Election Campaign Billboards in Ondo State, Nigeria. New Media and Mass Communication, 9, 2021 https://doi.org/10.7176/nmmc/95-04
Jones, R. H. (2020). The rise of the pragmatic web: Implications for rethinking meaning and interaction. In Tagg, C. and Evans, M. (eds.) Historicising the Digital : English Language Practices in New and Old Media. de Gruyter Mouton https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670837-003
Juditha, C. (2019). Buzzer di Media Sosial Pada Pilkada dan Pemilu Indonesia Buzzer in Social Media in Local Elections and Indonesian Elections. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Komunikasi Dan Informatika #3 Tahun, 2019, 199–212.
Jungherr, A. (2016). Twitter use in election campaigns: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13(1), 2016 https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2015.1132401
Komisi Pemilihan Umum. (2024). Berita Acara dan Sertifikat Hasil Penghitungan Perolehan Suara Pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Tingkat Nasional Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024.
Kozinets, R. (2015). Netnography: Redefined. Sage
Kubin, E., & Von Sikorski, C. (2021). The Role of (Social) Media in Political Polarization: A Systematic Review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 2021 https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070
Kwasau, H. (2025). A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts in 2023 Nigerian Presidential Campaign Speeches of Tinubu and Obi. International Journal of Arts, Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies, 14(1), 2025
Maulana, A., & Kuswayati, S. (2021). Klasifikasi Akun Buzzer Pemilu Pada Media Sosial Twitter Berdasarkan Data Tweet Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5. Naratif (Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Riset Aplikasi Dan Teknik Informatika), 03(02), 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53580/naratif.v3i02.132
Nandito, N., Udayana, F., Kemal, R., Fauzan, M. D., & Suryasuciramdhan, A. (2025). Propaganda Buzzer dalam Iklan Digital Kontemporer: Strategi Komunikasi, Persepsi, dan Dampaknya. Dialogika?: Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Sosialisasi, 1(3), 2025 https://doi.org/10.62383/dialogika.v1i3.420
Natsheh, B. R. (2019). Social Media as a Tool of Persuasion in Political MarketingAnalyzing the discourse of Trump’s Tweets during His Presidential Campaign. Hebron University http://dspace.hebron.edu:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/700
Natsheh, B., & Atawneh, A. (2021). Image Polishing in Trump’s Digital Campaign: The Case of Speech Image Polishing in Trump’s Digital Campaign: The Case of Speech Act of Persuasion Act of Persuasion. Hebron University Research Journal, 16(1) Article 10, 2021 https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/hujr_b/vol16/iss1/10
Norris, S. (2004). Analyzing Multimodal Interaction: A Methodological Framework. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203379493
Pangemanan, Y. A. T., Lalira, J. E., Scipio, J. E., Tumuju, V. N. (2023). The Functions of Politicians’ Speech Acts in The Election Campaign for Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Tomohon City. Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, Dan Humaniora, 7(2), 2023 https://doi.org/10.36526/js.v7i2
Putri, D. (2024). Political Discourse Analysis on the 2024 Election: Political Capability of Cawapres No.2 Through Linguistic Performance. Mediacon 2024 International Conference Proceedings, 2024. https://proceeding-mediacon.petra.ac.id/
Simanjuntak, N. R. F., Suseno, Y. A., & Rosalinah, Y. (2025). Illocutionary Acts and Public Reactions to Donald Trump’s 2024 Presidential Campaign Tweets. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 11(1), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55637/jr.11.1.11639.303
Rahmalina, R., Gunawan, W., Saifullah, A. R., & Haristiani, N. (2025). The construction of fear in Indonesian contemporary horror films: A multimodal analysis. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v15i1.76915
Rakaj, D. (2022). The Speech Act of Promising in Political Speeches: A Case Study of Obama’s Speeches. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(5), 2022 https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1305.02
Rakaj, D., & Kareva, V. (2023). A pragmatically-oriented analysis of speech acts in political speeches and statements made by Donald Trump Candidate. Universitas Europae Orientalis Meridionalis. 2023
Rasenberg, M., Pouw, W., Özyürek, A., Dingemanse, M. (2022). The Multimodal Nature of Communicative Efficiency in Social Interaction. Sientific Reports. 12(1), 2022. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22883-w
Sam, A., Yusuf, R. I., & Rahayu, P. B. (2024). Gemoy and Samsul: How The Propaganda Won The 2024 Indonesian Election. Informasi, 54(2), Article 12, 2024 https://doi.org/10.21831/informasi.v54i2.75464
Searle, J. (1969). Speech Act: An Essay in The Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press.
Sholihah, A. (2022). Buzzer Dalam Pusaran Maslahah Dan. Politea: Jurnal Kajian Politik Islam, 5(2), 2022 DOI:10.20414/politea.v5i2.5382
Sibaroni, Y., & Prasetiyowati, S. S. (2022). Buzzer Detection on Indonesian Twitter using SVM and Account Property Feature Extension. Jurnal RESTI, 6(4), 2022 https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i4.4338
Siregar, F. S., Suprayetno, E., Erlindawaty, E., & Fadhly, F. Z. (2024). Illocutionary Acts Of Hate Speech: Analyzing Social Media Commentary Targeting Anies Baswedan. Indonesian EFL Journal, 10(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v10i1.9338
Suciati, A., Wibisono, A., & Mursanto, P. (2019). Twitter Buzzer Detection for Indonesia Presidential Election. 2019 3rd International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS) IEEE Xplore, 2019 DOI: 10.1109/ICICoS48119.2019.8982529
Syatta, I., Maziyyah, R., Sina, I., & Bagus, M. (2023). Penggunaan Buzzer Politik di Media Sosial Pada Masa Kampanya Pemilihan Umum. MA’MAL: Jurnal Laboraturium Sayariah dan Hukum, 4(6), 2023. https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v4i2.15606
Thupket, I. (2022). A Speech Act Analysis on Khaosod English Facebook Status Updates for The Thai Election Campaign in 2023. Thammasat University
Vaccari, C., Valeriani, A., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2015). Political Expression and Action on Social Media: Exploring The Relationship Between Lower and Higher Threshold Political Activities Among Twitter Users in Italy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(2), 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12108
Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Vergeer, M. (2015). Twitter and Political Campaigning. Sociology Compass, 9(9), 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12294
Wekesa, C. K. (2023). The Influence of Social Variables in The Interpretation of Messages Used to Campaign Against Improper Disposal of Waste: A Case Study of Kayole, Nairobi City. Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(12), 2023 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10498515
Yokossi, D. T. (2022). A Study of Speech Acts in Joe Biden’s Opening and Closing Remarks at the Virtual Summit for Democracy: A Pragmatic Perspective. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 5(2), 2022 https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt
Yulianto, H. (2023). Fenomena Buzzer dan Perang Siber Jelang Pemilu 2024: Perspektif Netizen Indonesia. JIM: Julrnal Ilmiah Multiidisiplin, 2(1) 2023. DOI:10.59000/jim.v2i1.107
Aljanabi, A. Q. N., & Jabir, A. S. (2024). A Forensic Pragmatic Analysis of Defamatory Statements In Iraqi Criminal Courts. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(2), 2024 https://doi.org/10.59400/fls.v6i2.1879
AlMamoory, S. & Al- Khazaali, T. W. (2024). Linguistic Strategy in Online Digital Communication: A Pragmatic Study. Journal of Media,Culture and Communication, 3(4), 10–21, 2024 https://doi.org/10.55529/jmcc.43.10.21
Anderson, K. (2018). How to Win an Election: An Analysis of the Power of Social Media How to Win an Election: An Analysis of the Power of Social Media in Politics in Politics. Public Interest Law Reporter, 24 (1), 2018 https://www.statista.com/statistics/2734
Arfiawati, F., & Guntari, T. (2022). Hate Speech and Illocutionary Act on Joe Biden’s Instagram Account: A Pragmatics Approach. Jurnal Sastra Studi Ilmiah Sastra Universitas Nasional Pasim, 12(2), 2022
Ashfira, K. D., & Hardjanto, T. D. (2021). Assertive Speech Acts in Donald Trump’s Presidential Speeches. Lexicon, 7(1), 2021 https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64574
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press.
Brown, P., & Molete, M. (2024). A Pragmatic Analysis of Linguistic Manipulative Statements Displayed on Facebook Political Group Page. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 8(2), 2024 http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL
Bumi, S. M., Marni, S., & Tiawati, R. L. (2024). Expressive Speech Acts and Strategic Communication in Prabowo Subianto’s 2024 Presidential Campaign Speeches. Jurnal Bebasan, 11(2), 2024 https://doi.org/10.51817/bebasan.v11i2.242
Collister, L. B. (2013). Multimodality as a Sociolinguistic Resource. University of Pittsburgh.
Corchia, L. (2019). Political Communication in Social Networks Election Campaigns and Digital Data Analysis: A Bibliographic Review. Rivista Trimestrale Di Scienza Dell’Amministrazione, 2, 2019 https://doi.org/10.32049/RTSA.2019.2.04
Da Silva, G. G. (2021). Memes War. Philósophos - Revista de Filosofia, 25(2), 2021 https://doi.org/10.5216/phi.v25i2.64490
Dewantara, J. A., Syamsuri, Wandira, A., Afandi, Hartati, O., Cahya, N., Sapitri, P., & Heru Nurgiansah, T. (2022). The Role of Buzzers in Social Media in Guiding Public Opinion Regarding Political Choices. Journal of Etika Demokrasi, 7(3), 2022 https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v%vi%i.8103
Daeni, F. I. M., Rachmarani, F. A., & Utama, I. R. (2023). Pengaruh Buzzer Politik dalam Pemilu: Tantangan Terhadap Electoral Justice dalam Mempertahankan Prinsip Demokrasi. Padjadjaran Law Review, 11(2), 2023 https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v11i2.1288
Eriyanto (2021). Metode Netnografi. Rosda
Felicia, F. & Loisa, R. (2018). Peran Buzzer Politik dalam Aktivitas Kampanye di Media Sosial Twitter. Koneksi, 2(2), 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v2i2.3906
Geenen, J. (2023). Introduction: Multimodal (inter)action analysis. Multimodal Communication, 12(1), 2023. Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/mc-2023-0010
Handini, V. A., & Dunan, A. (2019). Buzzer as the Driving Force for Buzz Marketing on Twitter in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election. International Journal of Science, Technology, & Management Journal, 2019 DOI:10.46729/ijstm.v2i2.172
Hidayah, A. A., & Sutadi, H. (2023, June 18). Video: Posisi “Penting” Buzzer di Pemilu 2024, Apa Perannya? CNBC. 2023
Hidayatullah, S., Eka Aleksa, N., Shifa Azzahra, V., Nawal Fitah, S., & Khoirotun Nisa, P. (2024). The Role of Media “X” in Shaping Public Space in the 2024 Election. Journal of Social Science and Education Research, 1(6), 2024 DOI:10.59613/bdbq9e63
Ifechelobi, J. N., & Okpokiri, N. (2020). Positive Impoliteness Strategy in Political Discourse: A Textual Analysis of 2011-2015 Presidential Election Campaign Speeches in Selected Nigerian Newspapers. Interdisciplinary Journal of African and Asian Studies (IJAAS), 6(2), 2020
Jolayemi, D., Osoba, J. B., & Ariyo, K. (2021). Multimodal Discourse Analysis of 2012 Governorship Election Campaign Billboards in Ondo State, Nigeria. New Media and Mass Communication, 9, 2021 https://doi.org/10.7176/nmmc/95-04
Jones, R. H. (2020). The rise of the pragmatic web: Implications for rethinking meaning and interaction. In Tagg, C. and Evans, M. (eds.) Historicising the Digital : English Language Practices in New and Old Media. de Gruyter Mouton https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670837-003
Juditha, C. (2019). Buzzer di Media Sosial Pada Pilkada dan Pemilu Indonesia Buzzer in Social Media in Local Elections and Indonesian Elections. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Komunikasi Dan Informatika #3 Tahun, 2019, 199–212.
Jungherr, A. (2016). Twitter use in election campaigns: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13(1), 2016 https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2015.1132401
Komisi Pemilihan Umum. (2024). Berita Acara dan Sertifikat Hasil Penghitungan Perolehan Suara Pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Tingkat Nasional Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024.
Kozinets, R. (2015). Netnography: Redefined. Sage
Kubin, E., & Von Sikorski, C. (2021). The Role of (Social) Media in Political Polarization: A Systematic Review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 2021 https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070
Kwasau, H. (2025). A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts in 2023 Nigerian Presidential Campaign Speeches of Tinubu and Obi. International Journal of Arts, Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies, 14(1), 2025
Maulana, A., & Kuswayati, S. (2021). Klasifikasi Akun Buzzer Pemilu Pada Media Sosial Twitter Berdasarkan Data Tweet Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5. Naratif (Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Riset Aplikasi Dan Teknik Informatika), 03(02), 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53580/naratif.v3i02.132
Nandito, N., Udayana, F., Kemal, R., Fauzan, M. D., & Suryasuciramdhan, A. (2025). Propaganda Buzzer dalam Iklan Digital Kontemporer: Strategi Komunikasi, Persepsi, dan Dampaknya. Dialogika?: Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Sosialisasi, 1(3), 2025 https://doi.org/10.62383/dialogika.v1i3.420
Natsheh, B. R. (2019). Social Media as a Tool of Persuasion in Political MarketingAnalyzing the discourse of Trump’s Tweets during His Presidential Campaign. Hebron University http://dspace.hebron.edu:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/700
Natsheh, B., & Atawneh, A. (2021). Image Polishing in Trump’s Digital Campaign: The Case of Speech Image Polishing in Trump’s Digital Campaign: The Case of Speech Act of Persuasion Act of Persuasion. Hebron University Research Journal, 16(1) Article 10, 2021 https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/hujr_b/vol16/iss1/10
Norris, S. (2004). Analyzing Multimodal Interaction: A Methodological Framework. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203379493
Pangemanan, Y. A. T., Lalira, J. E., Scipio, J. E., Tumuju, V. N. (2023). The Functions of Politicians’ Speech Acts in The Election Campaign for Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Tomohon City. Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, Dan Humaniora, 7(2), 2023 https://doi.org/10.36526/js.v7i2
Putri, D. (2024). Political Discourse Analysis on the 2024 Election: Political Capability of Cawapres No.2 Through Linguistic Performance. Mediacon 2024 International Conference Proceedings, 2024. https://proceeding-mediacon.petra.ac.id/
Simanjuntak, N. R. F., Suseno, Y. A., & Rosalinah, Y. (2025). Illocutionary Acts and Public Reactions to Donald Trump’s 2024 Presidential Campaign Tweets. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 11(1), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55637/jr.11.1.11639.303
Rahmalina, R., Gunawan, W., Saifullah, A. R., & Haristiani, N. (2025). The construction of fear in Indonesian contemporary horror films: A multimodal analysis. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v15i1.76915
Rakaj, D. (2022). The Speech Act of Promising in Political Speeches: A Case Study of Obama’s Speeches. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(5), 2022 https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1305.02
Rakaj, D., & Kareva, V. (2023). A pragmatically-oriented analysis of speech acts in political speeches and statements made by Donald Trump Candidate. Universitas Europae Orientalis Meridionalis. 2023
Rasenberg, M., Pouw, W., Özyürek, A., Dingemanse, M. (2022). The Multimodal Nature of Communicative Efficiency in Social Interaction. Sientific Reports. 12(1), 2022. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22883-w
Sam, A., Yusuf, R. I., & Rahayu, P. B. (2024). Gemoy and Samsul: How The Propaganda Won The 2024 Indonesian Election. Informasi, 54(2), Article 12, 2024 https://doi.org/10.21831/informasi.v54i2.75464
Searle, J. (1969). Speech Act: An Essay in The Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press.
Sholihah, A. (2022). Buzzer Dalam Pusaran Maslahah Dan. Politea: Jurnal Kajian Politik Islam, 5(2), 2022 DOI:10.20414/politea.v5i2.5382
Sibaroni, Y., & Prasetiyowati, S. S. (2022). Buzzer Detection on Indonesian Twitter using SVM and Account Property Feature Extension. Jurnal RESTI, 6(4), 2022 https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i4.4338
Siregar, F. S., Suprayetno, E., Erlindawaty, E., & Fadhly, F. Z. (2024). Illocutionary Acts Of Hate Speech: Analyzing Social Media Commentary Targeting Anies Baswedan. Indonesian EFL Journal, 10(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v10i1.9338
Suciati, A., Wibisono, A., & Mursanto, P. (2019). Twitter Buzzer Detection for Indonesia Presidential Election. 2019 3rd International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences (ICICoS) IEEE Xplore, 2019 DOI: 10.1109/ICICoS48119.2019.8982529
Syatta, I., Maziyyah, R., Sina, I., & Bagus, M. (2023). Penggunaan Buzzer Politik di Media Sosial Pada Masa Kampanya Pemilihan Umum. MA’MAL: Jurnal Laboraturium Sayariah dan Hukum, 4(6), 2023. https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v4i2.15606
Thupket, I. (2022). A Speech Act Analysis on Khaosod English Facebook Status Updates for The Thai Election Campaign in 2023. Thammasat University
Vaccari, C., Valeriani, A., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2015). Political Expression and Action on Social Media: Exploring The Relationship Between Lower and Higher Threshold Political Activities Among Twitter Users in Italy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(2), 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12108
Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Vergeer, M. (2015). Twitter and Political Campaigning. Sociology Compass, 9(9), 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12294
Wekesa, C. K. (2023). The Influence of Social Variables in The Interpretation of Messages Used to Campaign Against Improper Disposal of Waste: A Case Study of Kayole, Nairobi City. Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(12), 2023 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10498515
Yokossi, D. T. (2022). A Study of Speech Acts in Joe Biden’s Opening and Closing Remarks at the Virtual Summit for Democracy: A Pragmatic Perspective. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 5(2), 2022 https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt
Yulianto, H. (2023). Fenomena Buzzer dan Perang Siber Jelang Pemilu 2024: Perspektif Netizen Indonesia. JIM: Julrnal Ilmiah Multiidisiplin, 2(1) 2023. DOI:10.59000/jim.v2i1.107
Published
2026-05-25
How to Cite
Soraya, S., Kholifa, D., & Jufrisani, N. (2026). Tweeting for Influence: Political Buzzers’ Speech Acts in 2024 Presidential Campaign. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 11(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v11i1.1036
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Articles
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