Linguistic Purpose and Historical Implications of Malapropism and Code-Switching in the Philippines

Michael Laguidao Estremera

doi:10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.353

Michael Laguidao Estremera Sorsogon State College http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-7391

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.353

Keywords: Code-switching, Etymology, Linguistic Hegemony, Multilingualism Error Theory Malapropism

Abstract

The present article underpins the affirmation that colonization does have historical, linguistic, and cultural impact. Specifically, this paper explores the social malapropism and code-switching as trails of colonization dented by the American and Spanish regimes in the Philippines. The author concludes that malapropism occurs coupled with the code-switching linguistic phenomenon. Most of the malapropism episodes transpired is a prelude to shifting from one language to another. These occurrences have veiled implications and purposes which are established by the semantic features of the discourses. Collectively, the linguistic influence handed down by the colonizers had been found to be the chief contributory factor to the preceding phenomena. Bilingualism or even multilingualism induces malapropism and code-switching occurrences inevitably. The incompetence in choosing appropriate words and the low cache of lexical terms slightly affects the preceding phenomena. Taking into account the outcomes and conclusion, teachers must be cognizant of these occurrences to be able to cope with these phenomena accordingly thereby convert such drawbacks to communication into rich opportunities for meaningful classroom tÃªte-Ã -tÃªte. To the extent that there is complete communication cycle in malapropism and code-switching discourses, these could be exploited as bridges to learn the L2. Since there has likewise been language assimilation in code-switching, such can be used as an opportunity to master the second language by guiding learners toward fluency and accuracy. Morphological and phonological awareness will symbiotically follow sooner through series of drills and philosophical practice of the language.

Author Biography

Michael Laguidao Estremera, Sorsogon State College

The author has published researches on reputable international journals on education, literature, language and linguistics. He is a graduate of MAED- English at Sorsogon State College, year 2011. He obtained his Doctor of Philosophy, Major in Educational Development at Annunciation College of Bacon, Sorsogon Unit Inc., Philippines. For vertical alignment intents, he is pursuing his PhD in Language Education at Sorsogon State College and is about to write his dissertation.

References

Brice, A.E. (2015). "Multilingual Language Development". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2: 57â€“64. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23126-7. ISBN 9780080970875. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/4edpaUZ. October 17, 2019.
Calvet, Louis-Jean. (1987). La guerre des langues et les politiques linguistiques, Paris: Payot. (English version: Language wars and linguistic politics. tr. by Michel Petheram. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.)
Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cromdal, Jakob (2001). "Overlap in Bilingual Play: Some Implications of Code-Switching for
Febiyaska, E. A., Ardi, P. (2019). Indonesian-English Code-Switching in Gogirl! Magazine: Types and Features. JELTL (Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics). e-ISSN: 2502-6062, p-ISSN: 2503-1848, Vol. 4(3) www.jeltl.org.
Fay, David; Cutler, Anne (1977). "Malapropisms and the Structure of the Mental Lexicon". Linguistic Inquiry. 8 (3): 505â€“520. JSTOR 4177997. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/eedpLX9. October 17, 2019.
Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
John, Holm (1989). Pidgins and creoles. Volume II. Reference survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. xxv + 445, 11 maps. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3lg0pO3. March 12, 2021.
Liu, Jingxia (2010). Teachersâ€™ Code-Switching to the L1 in EFL Classroom. The Open Applied Linguistics Journal, 2010, 3, 10-23.
Mint & Price (1992). The Miracle of Creolization: A Retrospective. New West Indian Guide, volume 75 number 1 & 2 (2001): 35-64. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3cmXeA5. March 12, 2021.
Mufwene, S.S., (2015). Pidgin and Creole Languages. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences,2nd edition, Vol 18. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 133â€“145.ISBN: 9780080970868. Retrieved from
Mujiono, Poedjosoedarmo, S., Subroto, E., & Wiratno, T. (2013). Code switching in English as foreign language instruction practiced by the English lecturers at universities. International Journal of Linguistics, 5(2), 46.
Muhleisen, Susanne (2010). Heterogeneity in Word-Formation Patterns. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. ISBN: 978--90-272-0585-8, Prix: 95 â‚¬, 245 pages. https://doi.org/10.4000/lexis.1791.
Mukti, Prabowo, W. T & Ena, T. O. (2018). The Use of Code Switching in General English Classes for Non-English Department Students in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics. Vol. 3 No. 2, eISSN: 2503-4197, pISSN: 2527-5070 www. indonesian-efl-journal.org.
Muysken, Pieter (1995). "Code-switching and grammatical theory". In L. Milroy; P. Muysken (eds.). One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives on Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 177â€“98. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/iedyHOj. October 21, 2019.
Lawrence A Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green C. A., Wisdom J. P. (2013). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42(5). DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
Pennycook (1998). English and the Discourses of Colonialism. London: Routledge. ISBN: 0-415-17847-9 (hardback); 0-415-17848-7 (paperback). pp.256. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13670069010050010702.
Phillipson, C. (1982) Capitalism and the Construction of Old Age. London: Macmillan. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/30CY85X. March 12, 2021.
Poplack, Shana; David Sankoff (1982). "Borrowing: the synchrony of integrationâ€. Linguistics. 22 (269): 99â€“136. doi:10.1515/ling.1984.22.1.99. hdl:10315/2840.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (2008). The Rivals: A Comedy, retrieved2012-07-10"Quotations from Richard Brinsley Sheridan". Poem Hunter. Retrieved 2012-07-10. There are not alligators on the banks of the Nile, although there are crocodiles. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/Redp0G4. October 17, 2019.
Spencer, S. G. (1995). Technical note: Videoâ€based threeâ€dimensional morphometrics. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 96:443-453. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330960409.
Treffers, J. (2009). Language Dominance and Lexical Diversity: How Bilinguals and L2 Learners Differ in their Knowledge and Use of French Lexical and Functional Items. University of Reading. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3rSjiJD. March 12, 2021.
Zwicky, Arnold (1982). "Classical malapropisms and the creation of the mental lexicon". In Loraine Obler and Lise Menn (ed.). Exceptional Language and Linguistics(PDF). Academic Press. pp. 115â€“132. ISBN 978-0-12-523680-5. Retrieved 2013-09-12. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/IedpX6B. October 17, 2019.