Technology Integration of the In-Service EFL Teachers: A Study at a Teacher Profession Education Program
Keywords:
In-service EFL teachers, Teacher Profession Education (Pendidikan Profesi Guru) program, technology integration
Abstract
Utilizing technology in the classroom characterizes the 21st century teachers. Therefore, teachers are demanded to be able to use technology in pedagogical practices in order to fulfill their students’ needs facing rapidly digitalized life. This study was designed to investigate the perceptions of a group of in-service English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers who studied at a Teacher Profession Education program at a state university, concerning the application of technology within challenges they faced during their study. This study used qualitative research with narrative approach as a strategy of inquiry. The data were obtained by using a semi-structure interview with the in-service teachers and documentation. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that the participants generally perceived positively the technology integration taught by their university instructors during their study time at the Teacher Profession Education program although there was a negative response when they were firstly introduced with the technology. It might have been caused by their lack of technological knowledge. The result also revealed that the participants found it challenging when it came to the use of novel technology as introduced and applied by their university instructors. In addition, their own integration of technology during their Teaching Practice was a challenge due to the students’ low motivation to engage in the online learning activity which was the mode of learning. The findings of this study suggest that teachers need to advance their skills and knowledge to utilize technology in supporting their pedagogical practices.References
Ahmed, G., Arshad, M., & Tayyab, M. (2019). Study of effects of ICT on professional development of teachers at university level. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 8(2), 162-170.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude–behavior relation: Reasoned and automatic processes. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (pp. 1–33). Wiley.
Apriliaswati, R (2019, November 21-22). Disposition of in-service English teachers towards developing pedagogical competence by technology literacy [Paper presentation]. UICELL, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Arikunto, S. (1989). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktik. Bumi Aksara.
Blachowicz, C., Bates, A., Berne, J., Bridgman, T., Chaney, J., & Perney, J. (2009). Technology and at-risk young readers and their classrooms. Reading Psychology, 30 (5): 387-411
Brinkerhoff, J. (2006). Effects of a long-duration, professional development academy on technology skills, computer self-efficacy, and technology integration beliefs and practices. Journal of Research on Technology. 39, 22-43.
Burgelman, R.A., Maidique, M.A., & Wheelwright, S.C. (1996). Strategic management of technology and innovation (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill.
Case, C. & Truscott, D. (1999). The lure of bells and whistles: Choosing the best software to support reading instruction. Reading and Writing Quarterly,15 (4), 361-369.
Chong, D. H. (2001).The practical considerations of the Internet in the EFL classroom. Journal of Multimedia- Assisted Language Learning, 3(2), 9-35.
Davies, R. (2011). Understanding technology literacy: A framework for evaluating educational technology integration. Tech Trends, 55(5), 45-52.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. Management Information System. Quarterly, 13 (3), 319-339
Demps, E., Lincoln, Y., & Cifuentes, L. (2011). Conflicts over the utilities of teaching
using educational technologies: An interpretive critical inquiry.
Advances in Developing Human Resources , 13(2), 135-170.
Dillon, A. & Morris, M. (1998). From "can they" to "will they?": Extending usability evaluation to address acceptance. In E. D. Hoadley & B. Izak (Eds.), Proceedings Association for Information Systems Conference. Baltimore, MD.
Elliot, J. (2005). Using narrative in social research. Sage.
Etmer, P., A., & Leftwich, O. (2010).Teacher technology change: how knowledge, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research Technology in Education, 42, 255-284
Fauzan, U., Pimada, L. H. (2018). ICT-based teaching of English at madrasah aliyah in kalimantan. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 193-211.
Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
Gelder, T. V. (2001). How to improve critical thinking using educational technology. ASCILITE 2001 Conference Proceeding (pp.539-548).
Glassett, K., & Schrum, L. (2009). Teacher beliefs and student achievement in
technology-rich classroom environments. International Journal of Learning Technology, 5(2), 138-153.
Gimbert, B., & Cristol, D. (2004). Teaching curriculum with technology: Enhancing children's technological competence during early childhood. Early Child Development and Care, 31(3), 207-216.
Greenberb, A., D., & Zanetis, J. (2012). The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education. https:// www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/education/ciscovideowp.pdf
Griffin, P., McGaw, B., & Care, E. (2012). The changing role of education and schools. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (pp. 1-16).
Guha, S. (2000). A Comparative analysis of present and preferred situations of elementary grade teachers in using computers for classroom instruction, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED440089.
Hall, G. E., & Hord, S. M. (2001). Implementing change: Patterns, principles and potholes. Allyn & Bacon
Harris, J., Grandgenett, N., & Hofer, M. (2010, March). Testing a TPACK based technology integration assessment rubric. In D. Gibson & B. Dodge (Eds.), Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 3833–3840).
Holinga, M. J. (1999). Project LINCOLN: improving and enhancing student learning. Learning and Leading with Technology, 26 (7), 54-80.
Hong, K., & Koh, C. (2002). Computer anxiety and attitudes toward computers among rural secondary school teachers: A Malaysian perspective. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35 (1), 27-46.
Hoven, D. (1999). A model for listening and viewing comprehension in multimedia environments. Language Learning and Technology, 3 (1), 73-90.
Hoyles, C., & Lagrange J.B. (Eds.). (2010). Mathematics education and technology – Rethinking the terrain. Springer.
Hu, P. J., Chau, P. Y. K., Sheng, O. R. L. & Tam, K. Y. (1999). Examining the technology acceptance model using physician acceptance of telemedicine technology. Journal of Management Information System, 16 (2), 91-112.
Hu, Z., & McGrath, I. (2012). Integrating ICT into college English: An implementation study of a national reform. Education Information Technology, 17 (92), 147-165
Hwang, W. Y., Shadiev, R., Hsu, J. L., Huang, Y. M., Hsu, G. L., & Lin, Y. C. (2016). Effects of storytelling to facilitate EFL speaking using Web-based multimedia system. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(2), 215–241.
Jang, S. J. (2009). Exploration of secondary students’ creativity by integrating web-based technology into an innovative science curriculum. Computer and Education, 52, 247–255
Kay, K. & Greenhill, V. (2011). Twenty-first century students need 21st century skills. In G, Wan & D.M, Gut, (Eds.), Bringing schools into the 21st century (pp. 41-65). London & New York: Springer
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan RI nomor 87 tahun 2013 tentang program pendidikan profesi guru pra-jabatan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
King, R. B. (2015). Sense of relatedness boosts engagement, achievement, and well- being: A latent growth model study, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 26-38
Koehler, M.J., & Mishra, P. (2008). Introducing TPACK. In AACTE Committee on Innovation & Technology (Eds.).Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge for educators. (pp. 3-29). Routledge
Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Ackaoglu, M., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2013). The Technological pedagogical content knowledge framework for teachers and teacher educators. Commonwealth Educational Media Center for Asia.
Kotrlik, J., & Redmann, D. (2005). Extent of technology integration in instruction by adult basic education teachers. Adult Education Quarterly, 55: 200-219,
Kumar, V., Kumar, U., & Persaud, A. (1999).Building technological apability through importing technology: The case of Indonesian manufacturing industry. Journal of Technology. Transfer, 24, 81-96.
Labov, W. (1997). Some further steps in narrative analysis. Journal of Narrative and Life History,7 (1-4), 395-415.
Latchem, C. & D. Hanna. (2001). Leadership for 21st century learning: Global perspective from educational innovators.: Kogan Page.
Lee, K. (2000). English teachers’ barriers to the use of computer-assisted language learning. Internet TESL Journal, 6(12).
Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Lundeberg, M., Bergland, M., Klyczek, K. & Hoffman, D. (2003).Using action research to develop pre-service teachers’ confidence, knowledge and beliefs about technology. Journal of Interactive Online Learn, 1 (4).
Manzo, K. K. (2001). Academic record. Educational Weekly , 20(35), 22-35.
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Mwiria, K. (1995). Issues in educational research in africa. East African Educational Publishing Limited.
Nashruddin, N., Alam, F. A., & Tanasy, N. (2020). Perceptions of teacher and stjudents on the use of e-mail as a medium in distance learning. BERUMPUN: International Journal of Social Politics and Humanities, 3(2): 182-194.
Neiss, M. L. (2005). Preparing teachers to teach science and mathematics with technology: Developing a technology pedagogical content knowledge. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(5), 509-523.
Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy
construct. Review of Educational Research , 62(3), 307-332
Park, C. N., & Son, J. B. (2009).Implementing computer-assisted language learning in the EFL classroom: Teachers' perceptions and perspectives. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 5(2), 80-101.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Sage Publications
Piertarinen, J., Soini, T., & Pyhalto, K. (2014). Students’ emotional and cognitive engagement as the determinats of well-being and achievement in school. International Journal of Educational Research, 67: 40-51b
Preston, C., Cox, M. J., & Cox, K. M. J. (2000). Teachers as Innovators: An evaluation of the motivation of teachers to use information and communications technologies. King’s College London and Mirandanet
Protheroe, N. (2005). Technology and students achievement. NAESP. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/31800303/technology-and-student-achievement-national-association-of-
Quddus, A. (2020). Implementasi technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) dalam pendidikan profesi guru (PPG) PAI LPTK UIN Mataram. Journal Tatsqif, 17(2), 213-230.
Reigeluth, C., & Joseph, R. (2002). Beyond technology integration: the case for technology transformation. Educational Technology, 42 (4), 9-16.
Rovai, A. P., Wighting, M. J., & Liu, J. (2005). School climate: Sense of classroom and school communities in online and on-campus higher education courses. Quarterly Review of Distance. Education, 6(4), 361-374
Sadaf, A., & Johnson, B. (2017). Teachers’ belief about integrating digital literacy into classroom practice: An investigation based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 33(4), 129-137.
Sandholtz, J. H. (2001). Learning to teach with technology: A Comparison of teacher development programs. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 9, (3), 349.
Shelly, G.B., Cashman, T.J., Gunter, G.A., and Gunter, R.E. (2008). Educators discovering computers: Integrating technology and digital media in the classroom. (5th ed.). Thomson
Sherry, L., Bilig, S., Jesse, D., & Acosta, D. W. (2001). Assessing the impact of instructional technology on student achievement. T.H.E. Jornal, 28 (7), 40-43.
Utami, I. G. L. P. (2018). The online learning of teacher profession education program (PPG) for in-service English teachers: Challenges and accelerated learning factors. Indonesia Journal of Education, 7 (2), 145-153
U.S. Department of Education (2010).Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology.National Education Technology Plan 2010. Office of Educational Technology: Washington, D.C.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, F. D. & Davis, G. B. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N. N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge - A review of the literature. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(2), 109-121
Waxman, H.C., Lin, M-F., &Michko, G.M. (2003). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of teaching and learning with technology on student outcomes. Learning Point Associates. Retrieved from http:/ /www.ncrel.org/tech/effects2/waxman.pdf
Woolf, B. P. (2010). A roadmap for education technology. National Science Foundation.
You, J. W., & Kang, M. (2014). The role of academic emotions in the relationship between perceived academic control and self-regulated learning in online learning. Computer Education, 77, 125-133.
Yousef, A., Mohammed, F., Chatti, M., & Schroeder, U. (2014). The state of video-based learning: A review and future perspectives. International Journal of Advanced Life Science, 6 (3), 122-135.
Zhao, Y. (2007). Social studies teachers' perspectives of technology integration. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15 (3), 311-333.
Zhao, Y. (2003). What teachers should know about technology: Perspectives and practices. Information Age.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude–behavior relation: Reasoned and automatic processes. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (pp. 1–33). Wiley.
Apriliaswati, R (2019, November 21-22). Disposition of in-service English teachers towards developing pedagogical competence by technology literacy [Paper presentation]. UICELL, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Arikunto, S. (1989). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktik. Bumi Aksara.
Blachowicz, C., Bates, A., Berne, J., Bridgman, T., Chaney, J., & Perney, J. (2009). Technology and at-risk young readers and their classrooms. Reading Psychology, 30 (5): 387-411
Brinkerhoff, J. (2006). Effects of a long-duration, professional development academy on technology skills, computer self-efficacy, and technology integration beliefs and practices. Journal of Research on Technology. 39, 22-43.
Burgelman, R.A., Maidique, M.A., & Wheelwright, S.C. (1996). Strategic management of technology and innovation (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill.
Case, C. & Truscott, D. (1999). The lure of bells and whistles: Choosing the best software to support reading instruction. Reading and Writing Quarterly,15 (4), 361-369.
Chong, D. H. (2001).The practical considerations of the Internet in the EFL classroom. Journal of Multimedia- Assisted Language Learning, 3(2), 9-35.
Davies, R. (2011). Understanding technology literacy: A framework for evaluating educational technology integration. Tech Trends, 55(5), 45-52.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. Management Information System. Quarterly, 13 (3), 319-339
Demps, E., Lincoln, Y., & Cifuentes, L. (2011). Conflicts over the utilities of teaching
using educational technologies: An interpretive critical inquiry.
Advances in Developing Human Resources , 13(2), 135-170.
Dillon, A. & Morris, M. (1998). From "can they" to "will they?": Extending usability evaluation to address acceptance. In E. D. Hoadley & B. Izak (Eds.), Proceedings Association for Information Systems Conference. Baltimore, MD.
Elliot, J. (2005). Using narrative in social research. Sage.
Etmer, P., A., & Leftwich, O. (2010).Teacher technology change: how knowledge, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research Technology in Education, 42, 255-284
Fauzan, U., Pimada, L. H. (2018). ICT-based teaching of English at madrasah aliyah in kalimantan. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 193-211.
Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
Gelder, T. V. (2001). How to improve critical thinking using educational technology. ASCILITE 2001 Conference Proceeding (pp.539-548).
Glassett, K., & Schrum, L. (2009). Teacher beliefs and student achievement in
technology-rich classroom environments. International Journal of Learning Technology, 5(2), 138-153.
Gimbert, B., & Cristol, D. (2004). Teaching curriculum with technology: Enhancing children's technological competence during early childhood. Early Child Development and Care, 31(3), 207-216.
Greenberb, A., D., & Zanetis, J. (2012). The impact of broadcast and streaming video in education. https:// www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/education/ciscovideowp.pdf
Griffin, P., McGaw, B., & Care, E. (2012). The changing role of education and schools. In P. Griffin, B. McGaw, & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (pp. 1-16).
Guha, S. (2000). A Comparative analysis of present and preferred situations of elementary grade teachers in using computers for classroom instruction, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED440089.
Hall, G. E., & Hord, S. M. (2001). Implementing change: Patterns, principles and potholes. Allyn & Bacon
Harris, J., Grandgenett, N., & Hofer, M. (2010, March). Testing a TPACK based technology integration assessment rubric. In D. Gibson & B. Dodge (Eds.), Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (pp. 3833–3840).
Holinga, M. J. (1999). Project LINCOLN: improving and enhancing student learning. Learning and Leading with Technology, 26 (7), 54-80.
Hong, K., & Koh, C. (2002). Computer anxiety and attitudes toward computers among rural secondary school teachers: A Malaysian perspective. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35 (1), 27-46.
Hoven, D. (1999). A model for listening and viewing comprehension in multimedia environments. Language Learning and Technology, 3 (1), 73-90.
Hoyles, C., & Lagrange J.B. (Eds.). (2010). Mathematics education and technology – Rethinking the terrain. Springer.
Hu, P. J., Chau, P. Y. K., Sheng, O. R. L. & Tam, K. Y. (1999). Examining the technology acceptance model using physician acceptance of telemedicine technology. Journal of Management Information System, 16 (2), 91-112.
Hu, Z., & McGrath, I. (2012). Integrating ICT into college English: An implementation study of a national reform. Education Information Technology, 17 (92), 147-165
Hwang, W. Y., Shadiev, R., Hsu, J. L., Huang, Y. M., Hsu, G. L., & Lin, Y. C. (2016). Effects of storytelling to facilitate EFL speaking using Web-based multimedia system. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(2), 215–241.
Jang, S. J. (2009). Exploration of secondary students’ creativity by integrating web-based technology into an innovative science curriculum. Computer and Education, 52, 247–255
Kay, K. & Greenhill, V. (2011). Twenty-first century students need 21st century skills. In G, Wan & D.M, Gut, (Eds.), Bringing schools into the 21st century (pp. 41-65). London & New York: Springer
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan RI nomor 87 tahun 2013 tentang program pendidikan profesi guru pra-jabatan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
King, R. B. (2015). Sense of relatedness boosts engagement, achievement, and well- being: A latent growth model study, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 26-38
Koehler, M.J., & Mishra, P. (2008). Introducing TPACK. In AACTE Committee on Innovation & Technology (Eds.).Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge for educators. (pp. 3-29). Routledge
Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Ackaoglu, M., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2013). The Technological pedagogical content knowledge framework for teachers and teacher educators. Commonwealth Educational Media Center for Asia.
Kotrlik, J., & Redmann, D. (2005). Extent of technology integration in instruction by adult basic education teachers. Adult Education Quarterly, 55: 200-219,
Kumar, V., Kumar, U., & Persaud, A. (1999).Building technological apability through importing technology: The case of Indonesian manufacturing industry. Journal of Technology. Transfer, 24, 81-96.
Labov, W. (1997). Some further steps in narrative analysis. Journal of Narrative and Life History,7 (1-4), 395-415.
Latchem, C. & D. Hanna. (2001). Leadership for 21st century learning: Global perspective from educational innovators.: Kogan Page.
Lee, K. (2000). English teachers’ barriers to the use of computer-assisted language learning. Internet TESL Journal, 6(12).
Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Lundeberg, M., Bergland, M., Klyczek, K. & Hoffman, D. (2003).Using action research to develop pre-service teachers’ confidence, knowledge and beliefs about technology. Journal of Interactive Online Learn, 1 (4).
Manzo, K. K. (2001). Academic record. Educational Weekly , 20(35), 22-35.
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Mwiria, K. (1995). Issues in educational research in africa. East African Educational Publishing Limited.
Nashruddin, N., Alam, F. A., & Tanasy, N. (2020). Perceptions of teacher and stjudents on the use of e-mail as a medium in distance learning. BERUMPUN: International Journal of Social Politics and Humanities, 3(2): 182-194.
Neiss, M. L. (2005). Preparing teachers to teach science and mathematics with technology: Developing a technology pedagogical content knowledge. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(5), 509-523.
Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy
construct. Review of Educational Research , 62(3), 307-332
Park, C. N., & Son, J. B. (2009).Implementing computer-assisted language learning in the EFL classroom: Teachers' perceptions and perspectives. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 5(2), 80-101.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Sage Publications
Piertarinen, J., Soini, T., & Pyhalto, K. (2014). Students’ emotional and cognitive engagement as the determinats of well-being and achievement in school. International Journal of Educational Research, 67: 40-51b
Preston, C., Cox, M. J., & Cox, K. M. J. (2000). Teachers as Innovators: An evaluation of the motivation of teachers to use information and communications technologies. King’s College London and Mirandanet
Protheroe, N. (2005). Technology and students achievement. NAESP. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/31800303/technology-and-student-achievement-national-association-of-
Quddus, A. (2020). Implementasi technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) dalam pendidikan profesi guru (PPG) PAI LPTK UIN Mataram. Journal Tatsqif, 17(2), 213-230.
Reigeluth, C., & Joseph, R. (2002). Beyond technology integration: the case for technology transformation. Educational Technology, 42 (4), 9-16.
Rovai, A. P., Wighting, M. J., & Liu, J. (2005). School climate: Sense of classroom and school communities in online and on-campus higher education courses. Quarterly Review of Distance. Education, 6(4), 361-374
Sadaf, A., & Johnson, B. (2017). Teachers’ belief about integrating digital literacy into classroom practice: An investigation based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 33(4), 129-137.
Sandholtz, J. H. (2001). Learning to teach with technology: A Comparison of teacher development programs. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 9, (3), 349.
Shelly, G.B., Cashman, T.J., Gunter, G.A., and Gunter, R.E. (2008). Educators discovering computers: Integrating technology and digital media in the classroom. (5th ed.). Thomson
Sherry, L., Bilig, S., Jesse, D., & Acosta, D. W. (2001). Assessing the impact of instructional technology on student achievement. T.H.E. Jornal, 28 (7), 40-43.
Utami, I. G. L. P. (2018). The online learning of teacher profession education program (PPG) for in-service English teachers: Challenges and accelerated learning factors. Indonesia Journal of Education, 7 (2), 145-153
U.S. Department of Education (2010).Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology.National Education Technology Plan 2010. Office of Educational Technology: Washington, D.C.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, F. D. & Davis, G. B. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Pareja Roblin, N. N., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge - A review of the literature. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(2), 109-121
Waxman, H.C., Lin, M-F., &Michko, G.M. (2003). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of teaching and learning with technology on student outcomes. Learning Point Associates. Retrieved from http:/ /www.ncrel.org/tech/effects2/waxman.pdf
Woolf, B. P. (2010). A roadmap for education technology. National Science Foundation.
You, J. W., & Kang, M. (2014). The role of academic emotions in the relationship between perceived academic control and self-regulated learning in online learning. Computer Education, 77, 125-133.
Yousef, A., Mohammed, F., Chatti, M., & Schroeder, U. (2014). The state of video-based learning: A review and future perspectives. International Journal of Advanced Life Science, 6 (3), 122-135.
Zhao, Y. (2007). Social studies teachers' perspectives of technology integration. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15 (3), 311-333.
Zhao, Y. (2003). What teachers should know about technology: Perspectives and practices. Information Age.
Published
2021-05-05
How to Cite
Tuzahra, F., Sofendi, S., & Vianty, M. (2021). Technology Integration of the In-Service EFL Teachers: A Study at a Teacher Profession Education Program. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(1), 317-339. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.396
Section
Articles
