Trances in Perspectives of Javanese and Muslim: An Anthropological Linguistic Study
Keywords:
linguistic anthropology, trance, Javanese, Muslim, perspective
Abstract
Possession is a serious health problem for Javanese and Muslims. This study aims to describe the perspective of Javanese and Muslims on a trance or a state of being possessed. This is qualitative research applying a linguistic anthropological approach. The subjects are the members of the Javanese and Muslim communities in Tulungagung. They are the individuals having experienced trance(s), their family, and the witnesses. Other important informants are the healers, shamans, and Islamic leaders (ustadz or kyai). Based on the analysis, it shows that trance for the Javanese is a disease inflicted by a certain spirit. It must be cured by a shaman with a series of rituals and offerings. For Muslims, it is a disturbance of the genie as the possessed disobeys God’s rules. Its healing is done through ruqyah by reciting particular verses from the Qur'an. The way Javanese treats a trance reflects their perspectives and thoughts as found in local wisdom: tamba teka lara lunga (the cure comes and the disease goes), meaning that every disease has its cure. For Muslims, a trance is simply an effect of the human relation to his God. A better quality in the relationship will result in a human’s better life. Conversely, a bad relationship to God will bring about a negative quality in human life. Trance is just one of them; it is believed to be evidence of the poor relationship a possessed has to God.
References
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Bogdan, R.C. and S.K. Biklen. (1988). Qualitative Research in Education. USA: Allyn & Bacon.
Csuri, P., et al. 2022. Beyond Therapeutic Culture in Latin America: Hybrid Networks in Argentina and Brazil. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780367187026
Duranti, A. 1997. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Engler, S. 2022. Hendrickson, Brett: Mexican American Religions: an Introduction Abingdon, Oxon and New York. Routledge, 2022. P 219. ISBN 9780367250133.
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Lienardy, T. 2022. Dari Pelayanan Kesurupan Menuju Pelayanan Yang Holistik. Aradha: Journal of Divinity, Peace and Conflikct Studies. Vol 2 No 1 (2022).
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Mastur, M. 2022. Tradisi Kedewan Sebagai Terapi Pada Gangguan Jiwa di Desa Songak Lombok Timur. Journal of Lombok Studies. Vol 1 No 1. 2022.
Molla, MA and R Setio. 2022. Roh Nenek Moyang Atau Setan? Kesurupan Sebagai Pintu Masuk Bagi Dialog Antara Kekristenan Dan Agama Merapu Di Sumba. Kenosis: Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 2022. E-journal.iaknambon.ac.id
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Pamungkas, B., et al. 2022. Tradisi Rajah: Terapi Mistik dalam Kepercayaan Masyarakat Suku Jawa di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur. Jurnal Studi Agama. Vol 6 No 1 (2022).
Pietkiewicz, Igor J. et al. 2021. Delusions of Possession and Religious Coping in Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study of Four Cases. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 628925. Published online 2021 Mar 19. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628925
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Rashed, Mohammed Abouelleil. 2020. More Things in Heaven and Earth: Spirit Possession, Mental Disorder, and Intentionality. J Med Humanit, 2020, 41 (3): 363-378.
Ricklefs, M.C. 2013. Mengislamkan Jawa. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Ridho, F.M. 2023. Kajian Literatur: Faktor-faktor Penyebab Kejadian Dissociative Trance Disorder pada Pelajar. Kajian Pskologi dan Kesehatan Mental. 2023. Penerbitgoodwood.com
Rogerson, Rebecca G., et al. 2021. “Neural Correlates of a Trance Process and Alternative States of Consciousness in Traditional Healer”. Brain Sci. 2021. 11(4):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040497
Rottschafer, SL. 2022. Querencia and Curanderismo in Fajardo-Anstine’s “Remedies”. Chicana/Latina Studies: The Journal of MALCS . Spring2022, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p88-108. 21p.
Sarifa, Y., et al. 2023. Sinkretisme Agama dan Budaya pada Bingkai Tradisi Lokal Gebyak Dusun di Dusun Pacet Made, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan. Vol 8 No 1 (2023).
Schafer, T., et al. 2023. The Effects of Dancing to Electronic Music and the Additional Intake of Psychoactive Drugs on the Experience of Trance. European Journal fo Psychology Open. 2023. psycnet.apa.org
Silalahi, M., et al. 2022. Persepsi Mahasiswa Baru Yang Mengalami Kesurupan Terkait Stres Akademik. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistik, 2022. E-journal.stikesrshusada.ac.id
Siswanto, et al. 2021. Possession Disorder in Makassar Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 2021 (October), Vol 20(2), 123-139.
SSC Hoare, Francis. 2023. Spirit-Possession in Fiji: The Pastoral Challenges of Discerning and Healing. Mission Studies 40 (2023) 255–277. brill.com/mist
Suadnyana, IBPE. 2022. Kajian Sosio-Religius Tradisi Medaha Truna di Desa Pakraman Sanda, Kecamatan Pupuan, Kabupaten Tabana. Dharma Duta: Jurnal Penerangan Agama Hindu. Vol 20 No 2 (2022).
Subandiyah, H., et al. 2022. Semiotik dalam Sastra Lisan di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Bastra Edisi Oktober-Desember 2022. Vol 7 No 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.36709/bastra.v7i4.132
Sumanto, E. 2022. Filosofis dalam Acara Kuda Lumping. Kaganga: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora. Vol 5 No 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v5i1.3758
Sumertayasa, KY., et al. 2023. Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu dalam Pementasan Tari Sang Hyang Dedari. Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin. Vol 3 No 1 (2023).
Sumodiningrat, Gunawan and Ari Wulandari. 2014. Pitutur Luhur Budaya Jawa: 1001 Pitutur Luhur Budaya Jawa untuk Menjaga Martabat dan Kehormatan Bangsa dengan Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
Supriyanto, et. el. 2018. Islam and Local Wisdom: Religious Expression in Southeast Asia: Islam dan Kearifan Lokal: Ekspresi Keberagamaan di Asia Tenggara. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Syafitri, Y., et al. 2022. Pengaruh Praktek Tabib atau Dukun Terhadap Kehidupan Beragama: (Studi Kasus di Desa Jambur Pulau Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Khazanah: Journal of Islamic Studies,
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Syuhudi, MI. 2022. Santro vs Dukun “Abal-abal”: Eksistensi Pengobatan Tradisional di Era Modern. Jurnal Pusaka. Vol 10 No 2 (2022).
Toledo, B.A. and C. Trilo. 2023. Curanderismo: Historical Zootherapy Among Criollo Inhabitants in Rural Areas of Cordoba, Argentina. ETHNOSCIENTIA – ano 08, número 01 - 2023 - [ISSN: 2448-1998]
Valente-Quinn, Brian. 2020. “Trance States and Sufi Stages: The Poetics and Politics of Murid Theatre in Senegal”. Theathre Journal. Volume 72, Number 4, December 2020, pp. 425-442. John Hopkins University Press. DOI 10.1353/tj.2020.0098.
Volkan, Kevin. 2020. Encounter with the Demonic: Western, Eastern, and Object Relations Approaches. Psychology, 2020, 11, 1454-1470. https://www.scirp.org/journal/psych
Wahbeh, H., et. al. 2023. Evaluating Brain Spectraland and Connectivity Differences between Silent Mind-Wandering and Trance States. Progress in Brain Research, 2023. europepmc.org.
Wahyudi, Dwi Rizky., et al. 2023. Simbol Kesenian Kuda Lumping Bagi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Gunung Lengkuas. Student Research Journal. Vol 1 No 4, Agustus 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/srjyappi.v1i3.569
Wijaya, Umrati Hengki. 2020. Analisis Data Kualitatif Teori Konsep dalam Penelitian Pendidikan. Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray.
Wulandari, ND., et al. 2023. Makna Filosofis Uborampe Pasang Tarub dan Siraman pada Upacara Pernikahan Adat Jawa di Kradenan Jawa Tengah. Mukadimah: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Vol 7 No 2. Agustus 2022.
Alkaf, M. 2022. Performing Arts of Buto Birowo, Cosmology and Religious Expression of Rural Communities. Journal of Indonesian Culture and Beliefs (JICB). Vol 1 No 1 (2022): Desember 2022.
Arni, et. al. 2020. Fenomena Kesurupan: Studi Analisis Kritis dalam Kajian Teologi dan Psikologi Islam. E-journal.uin-suska.ac.id.
Arnold, M.I., et al. 2022. Hispanic/Latino Perspectives on Hearing Loss and Hearing Healthcare: Focus Group Results. Ear Hear. 2022 Nov-Dec;43(6):1620-1634. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001268. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
Asmarani, Y., et al. 2023. Dinamika Stres Santri Baru di Pondok Pesantren Modern Modern Al Ikhlas Labunti Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna. Jurnal Mercusuar: Jurnal Bimbingan, Penyuluhan, dan Konseling Islam. Vol 3 No 1 (2023).
Bailay, K.D. 1978. Methods of Social Research. New York: The Free Press.
Basir, MA. 2022. Ruqyah: The Exorcism (2017): Filem Seram Islam Yang Keliru. International Journal of Social Science Research. September 2022. myjms.mohe.gov.my
Blyth, Caroline. 2021. Spirit Possession and Communication in Religious and Cultural Contexts. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Bogdan, R.C. and S.K. Biklen. (1988). Qualitative Research in Education. USA: Allyn & Bacon.
Csuri, P., et al. 2022. Beyond Therapeutic Culture in Latin America: Hybrid Networks in Argentina and Brazil. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780367187026
Duranti, A. 1997. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Engler, S. 2022. Hendrickson, Brett: Mexican American Religions: an Introduction Abingdon, Oxon and New York. Routledge, 2022. P 219. ISBN 9780367250133.
Fitrah, Muh. And Luthfiyah. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian: Penelitian Kualitatif, Tindakan Kelas & Studi Kasus. Sukabumi: CV Jejak.
Flores, R. 2022. Border Medicine: A Transcultural History of Mexican America Curanderismo by Brett Hendrickson. US Latina & Latino Oral History Journal, 2022. muse.jhu.edu
Foley, W.A. 1997. Anthropological Linguistic: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Gatriyani, NP. 2022. Bhairawa Tantra dalam Upacara Penyalonarangan di Pura Pesamuan Agung Desa Adat Padangbai Kecamatan Manggis Kabupaten Karangasem. Lampuhyang. Vol 13 No 2 (2022). E-journal.stkip-amlapura.ac.id
Godiawala, SP, et al. 2023. A Case Report on the Implications of Unexpressed Homosexuality. European Psychiatry, 2023. cambridge.org
Hamirul, H., et al. 2022. Pesugihan Ala Nyi Blorong Masa Kini (Studi Pada Group Telegram Dukun Pesugihan Tanpa Tumbal. JISOS: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Vol 1 No 8, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/ethnoscientia.v8i1/13109
Hoare, Francis, et al. 2023. Spirit-Possession in Fiji: The Pastoral Challenges of Discerning and Healing. ISSN: 0168-9789 (print) 1573-3831 (online). Mission Studies 40 (2023) 255–277 brill.com/mist. Online Publication Date: 01 Jun 2023.
Kaisar, MR, et al. 2023. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana dalam Keadaan Tidak Sadar Diri (Trance)Menurut Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Hukum Pidana Islam. Universitas Islam Bandung Conference Series. 2023. proceedings.unisba.ac.id.
Karrasch, S., et al. 2022. Modern and Traditional Trance Language: a Comparison. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022. Taylor & Francis.
Kiswara, KAT. 2022. Teologi Lokal pada Pura Bebaturan di Desa Tinggarsari Kecamatan Busungbiu Kabupaten Buleleng Persefektif Pendidikan Agama Hidu. Widyanatya: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Seni. Vol 4 No 2 (2022).
Koentjaraningrat. 1984. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas, dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Koentjaraningrat. 1994. Kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Latifah, S. and MS. Ami. 2022. Ethnobotani dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Megaluh Kabupaten Jombang Jawa Timur. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian. Vol 3 No 3, Agustus 2023.
Lienardy, T. 2022. Dari Pelayanan Kesurupan Menuju Pelayanan Yang Holistik. Aradha: Journal of Divinity, Peace and Conflikct Studies. Vol 2 No 1 (2022).
Mahsun. 2005. Metode Penelitian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi, Metode dan Tekniknya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Marie, N., et al. 2023. Perception of Pain in Self-induced Cognitive Trance: an Exploratory Study. BPS Young Researchers Day 2023. orbi.uliege.be
Mastur, M. 2022. Tradisi Kedewan Sebagai Terapi Pada Gangguan Jiwa di Desa Songak Lombok Timur. Journal of Lombok Studies. Vol 1 No 1. 2022.
Molla, MA and R Setio. 2022. Roh Nenek Moyang Atau Setan? Kesurupan Sebagai Pintu Masuk Bagi Dialog Antara Kekristenan Dan Agama Merapu Di Sumba. Kenosis: Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 2022. E-journal.iaknambon.ac.id
Nelwan, JE. 2022. Sosio-Antropologi Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Deepublish Publisher.
Pacino, N. 2022. The Gray Zones of Medicine: Healers and History in Latin America ed.by Diego Armus and Pablo F. Gomes. The Latin Americanist, 2022. Muse.jhu.edu.
Pamungkas, B., et al. 2022. Tradisi Rajah: Terapi Mistik dalam Kepercayaan Masyarakat Suku Jawa di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur. Jurnal Studi Agama. Vol 6 No 1 (2022).
Pietkiewicz, Igor J. et al. 2021. Delusions of Possession and Religious Coping in Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study of Four Cases. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 628925. Published online 2021 Mar 19. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628925
Piogenta, P, et al. 2022. Nilai Pendidikan Hindu dalam Situs Bukit Batu bagi Masyarakat Hindu di Kabupaten Katingan. Tampung Penyang: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Budaya Hindu. Vol 20 No 2 (2022). Mail.ejournal.iahntp.ac.id
Poedjosoedarmo, Soepomo. 2012. “Metode Penelitian”. Catatan Perkuliahan Metode Penelitian. Tidak Diterbitkan. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Rashed, Mohammed Abouelleil. 2020. More Things in Heaven and Earth: Spirit Possession, Mental Disorder, and Intentionality. J Med Humanit, 2020, 41 (3): 363-378.
Ricklefs, M.C. 2013. Mengislamkan Jawa. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Ridho, F.M. 2023. Kajian Literatur: Faktor-faktor Penyebab Kejadian Dissociative Trance Disorder pada Pelajar. Kajian Pskologi dan Kesehatan Mental. 2023. Penerbitgoodwood.com
Rogerson, Rebecca G., et al. 2021. “Neural Correlates of a Trance Process and Alternative States of Consciousness in Traditional Healer”. Brain Sci. 2021. 11(4):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040497
Rottschafer, SL. 2022. Querencia and Curanderismo in Fajardo-Anstine’s “Remedies”. Chicana/Latina Studies: The Journal of MALCS . Spring2022, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p88-108. 21p.
Sarifa, Y., et al. 2023. Sinkretisme Agama dan Budaya pada Bingkai Tradisi Lokal Gebyak Dusun di Dusun Pacet Made, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan. Vol 8 No 1 (2023).
Schafer, T., et al. 2023. The Effects of Dancing to Electronic Music and the Additional Intake of Psychoactive Drugs on the Experience of Trance. European Journal fo Psychology Open. 2023. psycnet.apa.org
Silalahi, M., et al. 2022. Persepsi Mahasiswa Baru Yang Mengalami Kesurupan Terkait Stres Akademik. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistik, 2022. E-journal.stikesrshusada.ac.id
Siswanto, et al. 2021. Possession Disorder in Makassar Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 2021 (October), Vol 20(2), 123-139.
SSC Hoare, Francis. 2023. Spirit-Possession in Fiji: The Pastoral Challenges of Discerning and Healing. Mission Studies 40 (2023) 255–277. brill.com/mist
Suadnyana, IBPE. 2022. Kajian Sosio-Religius Tradisi Medaha Truna di Desa Pakraman Sanda, Kecamatan Pupuan, Kabupaten Tabana. Dharma Duta: Jurnal Penerangan Agama Hindu. Vol 20 No 2 (2022).
Subandiyah, H., et al. 2022. Semiotik dalam Sastra Lisan di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Bastra Edisi Oktober-Desember 2022. Vol 7 No 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.36709/bastra.v7i4.132
Sumanto, E. 2022. Filosofis dalam Acara Kuda Lumping. Kaganga: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora. Vol 5 No 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v5i1.3758
Sumertayasa, KY., et al. 2023. Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu dalam Pementasan Tari Sang Hyang Dedari. Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin. Vol 3 No 1 (2023).
Sumodiningrat, Gunawan and Ari Wulandari. 2014. Pitutur Luhur Budaya Jawa: 1001 Pitutur Luhur Budaya Jawa untuk Menjaga Martabat dan Kehormatan Bangsa dengan Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
Supriyanto, et. el. 2018. Islam and Local Wisdom: Religious Expression in Southeast Asia: Islam dan Kearifan Lokal: Ekspresi Keberagamaan di Asia Tenggara. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Syafitri, Y., et al. 2022. Pengaruh Praktek Tabib atau Dukun Terhadap Kehidupan Beragama: (Studi Kasus di Desa Jambur Pulau Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Khazanah: Journal of Islamic Studies,
Syarofi, A. 2022. Bentuk, Makna, dan Fungsi dalam Mantra Pengobatan Dukun di Kabupaten Lamongan (Kajian Etnolinguistik). Al Yazidiy: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan. Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022).
Syuhudi, MI. 2022. Santro vs Dukun “Abal-abal”: Eksistensi Pengobatan Tradisional di Era Modern. Jurnal Pusaka. Vol 10 No 2 (2022).
Toledo, B.A. and C. Trilo. 2023. Curanderismo: Historical Zootherapy Among Criollo Inhabitants in Rural Areas of Cordoba, Argentina. ETHNOSCIENTIA – ano 08, número 01 - 2023 - [ISSN: 2448-1998]
Valente-Quinn, Brian. 2020. “Trance States and Sufi Stages: The Poetics and Politics of Murid Theatre in Senegal”. Theathre Journal. Volume 72, Number 4, December 2020, pp. 425-442. John Hopkins University Press. DOI 10.1353/tj.2020.0098.
Volkan, Kevin. 2020. Encounter with the Demonic: Western, Eastern, and Object Relations Approaches. Psychology, 2020, 11, 1454-1470. https://www.scirp.org/journal/psych
Wahbeh, H., et. al. 2023. Evaluating Brain Spectraland and Connectivity Differences between Silent Mind-Wandering and Trance States. Progress in Brain Research, 2023. europepmc.org.
Wahyudi, Dwi Rizky., et al. 2023. Simbol Kesenian Kuda Lumping Bagi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Gunung Lengkuas. Student Research Journal. Vol 1 No 4, Agustus 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/srjyappi.v1i3.569
Wijaya, Umrati Hengki. 2020. Analisis Data Kualitatif Teori Konsep dalam Penelitian Pendidikan. Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray.
Wulandari, ND., et al. 2023. Makna Filosofis Uborampe Pasang Tarub dan Siraman pada Upacara Pernikahan Adat Jawa di Kradenan Jawa Tengah. Mukadimah: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Vol 7 No 2. Agustus 2022.
Published
2023-11-15
How to Cite
Budiman, A., Wulandari, A., & Khristianto, K. (2023). Trances in Perspectives of Javanese and Muslim: An Anthropological Linguistic Study. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 8(2), 409-425. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v8i2.689
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Articles
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