The Position of English in the Linguistic Schoolscapes in an Indonesian Islamic Boarding School
Abstract
The choice of use of languages in schools, including in the linguistic schoolscapes, represents the contestation of language identities, ideologies, and power. This study looks at the position of English, as opposed to Indonesian, Arabic, and Javanese, in the linguistic schoolscapes in an Indonesian Islamic boarding school in Central Java. A descriptive qualitative method and the theoretical framework of language planning and policy (Spolsky, 2004) are used to analyze the data. The findings show that Javanese and Indonesian are used in daily communication. English and Arabic are taught in the language program. In the signs at the boarding school, English is the second language to be used frequently at the linguistic school cape, after Indonesian, while Javanese, as the students' everyday language, is far behind. The implication of the linguistic school landscape finding in this research is that foreign languages such as English, Arabic, and others considered necessary have the potential to become a new development in language teaching and learning.
References
Andriyanti, E. (2019). Linguistic Landscape at Yogyakarta’s Senior High School in Multilingual Context: Patterns and Representation. Indonesian journal of applied linguistics, 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9il.13841
Aribah, S. N., & Pradita, I. (2022). The Use of Translanguaging to Facilitate Students’ English Learning in an Indonesian Pesantren. Communications in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 7-13.
Astillero, S., F. (2017). Linguistic Schoolscape: Studying the Place of English and Philipine Language of Orison Secondary School. Asia Pacific journal of education, 4 (4).
Balog, P., S., & Gonzales, E., S. (2021). From Linguistic Landscapes to Teaching Resources: A Care of Some Rural Areas in the Province of Quezon. International Journal of Arts, Sciences and Education. ISSN: 2799 – 1091. Vol. 2 Issue 1:23-44.
Bates, D. (2021). A Case Study Outlining the Linguistic Landscape of Asia University. 英語教育研究所紀要 (CELE Journal), 29, 1-14.
Bauman, R. (2000). Language, identity, performance. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 10(1), 1-5.
Bernardo, A., S. (2021). The Position of Languages in the Schoolscape: The Case of the Oldest University in the Philippines and in Asia. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 32:1, 97-124, DOI: 10.1080/14681366.2021.2012240
Bernardo-Hinesley, S. (2020). Linguistic Landscape in Educational Spaces. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 3(2), 13-23.
Bisai, S., & Singh, S. (2022). Language Visibility in Multilingual School: An Empirical Study of Schoolscape From India. Linguistics and Education, 69, 101046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2022.101046
Bolton, K., Botha, W., & Zhang, W. (2020). English in China. The Handbook of Asian Englishes, pp. 501–528. doi:10.1002/9781118791882.ch21
Brown, K., D. (2012). The Linguistic Landscape of Educational Spaces: Language Revitalization and Schools in Southeastern Estonia. In Gorter, D., Marten, H., F. & Mensel, L., V. (Eds.), Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape (pp. 281–298). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org?10.1057/9780230360235_16
Brown, K., D. (2018). Shifts and Stability in Schoolscapes: Diachronic Considerations of Southeastern Estonian Schools. Linguistics and Education, pp. 44, 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2017.10.007.
Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. (2004). Language and Identity. A companion to linguistic anthropology, 1, 369-394. DOI:10.1002/9780470996522
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2006). Linguistic Landscape and Minority Languages. International Journal of Multilingualism, 3 (1), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710608668386
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2008). The Linguistic Landscape as an Additional Source of Input in Second Language Acquisition. Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 46 (3). https://doi.org/10/1515/IRAL.2008.012
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2022). Pedagogical Translanguaging and Its Application to Language Classes. RELC Journal, 53 (2), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221082751
Corson, D. (1991). Language, Power, and Minority Schooling. Language and Education, 5:4, pp. 231–253, DOI: 10.1080/09500789109541313
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mix Methods Approaches. Third Edition. Sage Publication. Thousand Oaks, California 91320. ISBN: 0-7619-0070-5
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Third Edition. Sage Publication. Thousand Oaks, California ISBN:978-1-4129-9530-6.
Curdt-Christiansen, X., L. (2009). Invisible and Visible Language Planning: Ideological Factors in the Family Language Policy Of Chinese Immigrant Families in Quebec. Lang Policy 8, 351–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-009-9146-7
Curdt-Dhristiansen, X., L. (2016). Conflicting Language Ideologies and Contradictory Language Practice in Singaporean Multilingual Families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. doi:10.1080/01434632.2015.1127926
Cushing, I. (2023). Word rich or word poor? Deficit discourses, Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Resurgence of the ‘word gap’ in England’s Education Policy, Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 20:4, 305–331, DOI: 10.1080/15427587.2022.2102014
Da Silva, A., M. (2018). Linguistic Landscape: An Authentic Material to Teach English to High School Students. Madani: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4 (2), 70-76.
Delarue, S., & Caluwe, J., D. (2015) Eliminating Social Inequality by Reinforcing Standard Language Ideology? Language Policy for Dutch In Flemish Schools. Current Issues in Language Planning, 16:1-2, 8-25, DOI: 10.1080/14664208.2014.947012
Erdocia, I., Nocchi, S., & Ruane, M. (26 May 2022). Ideas, Power and Agency: Policy Actors and the Formulation of Language in Education Policy for Multilingualism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, DOI: 10.1080/01434632.2022.2077352
Gorter, D. (2018). Linguistic Landscape and Trends in the Study of Schoolscape. Linguistics and Education, 44 (2018) 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2017.10.001
Gorter, D., Cenoz, J., & Worp, K., V., D. (2021). The Linguistic Landscape as A Resource for Language Learning and Raising Language Awareness. Journal of Spanish language teaching, 8 92), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2021.2014029
Han, Y., & Wu, X. (2019). Language Policy, Linguistic Landscape and Residents’ Perception in Guangzhou, China: Dissents and Conflicts. Current Issues in Language Planning, DOI: 10.1080/14664208.2019.1582943
Harbon, L., & Halimi, S. (2019). A Disjunct in the Linguistic Landscape: Messages about Food and Nutrition in Indonesian School Environments. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics. Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 567-576. Doi: 10.17509/ijal.v8i3.15263.
Hult, F. M. (2018). Language Policy and Planning and Linguistic Landscapes. Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning, pp. 333–351.
Hymes, D. (1967). Why linguistics needs the sociologist. Social Research, pp. 632–647.
Inal, D., Bayyurt, Y., Özturhan, M., & Bektaş, S. (2020). Multilingualism in the linguistic landscape of Istanbul. World Englishes. doi:10.1111/weng.12514
Istighfaroh, A., Yannuar, N., Febrianti, Y., Choiron, N. F., & Basthomi, Y. (2022). Little Dim Sum Warriors: Translanguaging of Chinese and English in Educational Comic Books for Bilingual Children. 3L: Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 28(3).
Jakonen, T. (2018). The Environment of a Bilingual Classroom as an Interactional Resource. Linguistics and Education, pp. 44, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2017.09.005
Jocuns, A. (2021). The Geosemiotics of a Thai University: the narratives embedded in schoolscapes. Linguistics and Education, p. 61, 100902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2021.100902
Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (Global Edi). Pearson Education.
Kaplan, R. B., Baldauf, R. B., Kaplan, R. B., & Baldauf, R. B. (2003). Language Planning in Perspective: Trends from Diversity. Language and language-in-education planning in the Pacific basin, 201-226.
Khazanah, D., Sampurna, H., Kusumaningputri, R., Setiarini, R., Supiastutik, S. (2021). A Linguistic Landscape Study of English in Yogyakarta: Its Representation of Power in Commercial Boards. English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 6(2), 92-102. doi: 10.32528/ ellite.v6i2.6380
Kim, M., Crossley, S., & Kim, B., K. (2022). Second Language Reading and Writing in Relation to First Language, Vocabulary Knowledge, and Learning Backgrounds. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25:6, 1992-2005, DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2020.1838434
Kiramba, L. K., Deng, Q., Gu, X., Yunes-Koch, A., & Viesca, K. (2023). Community Language Ideologies: Implications for Language Policy and Practice. Linguistics and Education, 78, 101251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2023.101251
Kobayashi, R. (2023). On the Verb-Raising Analysis of Non-Constituent Coordination in Japanese. The Linguistic Review, 40(3), 405-418.
Kretzer, M., M. & Kaschula, R., H. (2019): Language Policy and Linguistic Landscapes at Schools in South Africa. International Journal of Multilingualism, DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2019.1666849
Kroskrity, P. V. (n.d.). Language Ideologies. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, 496–517. doi:10.1002/9780470996522.ch22
Labov, W. (1966). The linguistic variable as a structural unit. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED010871
Landry, R., & Bourhis, R., Y. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: an Empicical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002
Lauder, A. F. (2020). English in Indonesia. The Handbook of Asian Englishes, 605-627.
Ng, S. H., & Deng, F. (2017). Language and Power. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.436
Lee, J. S. (2019). Multilingual Advertising in the Linguistic Landscape of Seoul. World Englishes, 38(3), 500–518. DOI: 10.1111/weng.12427
Lu, S., Li, G., & Xu, M. (2020). The Linguistic Landscape in Rural Destinations: A Case Study of Hongcun Village in China. Tourism Management, 77, 104005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104005
Mawaddah, S. L. A. (2022). Problematika pembelajaran nahwu menggunakan metode klasik Arab pegon di era modern. Maharaat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 4(2), 102-119.
Metz, M. (2021). Ideology, Identity, and Pedagogy in English Language Arts Teachers’ Linguistic Styling in US Classrooms. Linguistics and Education, 64, 100942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2021.100942
Mishra, D., & Lee, M. (2021). E-learning as an Aid to Face Challenges of Koreans to Learn English as a Second Language in Korea. Learning How to Learn Using Multimedia, pp. 95–102.
Moto, F. (2013). Language, Power and Society. Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa, 44:3, 149–152, DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2013.838989
Muriungi, S. W., & Mudogo, B. A. (2021). Linguistic Landscape in a Multilingual Context: A Case of Kenyan Universities. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 24(2), 450-460. DOI: 10.24071/llt.v24i2.3673.
Myhill, J. (1999). Identity, Territoriality and Minority Language Survival. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 20 (1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434639908666368
Nematzadeh, A., & Haddad Narafshan, M., H. (2020). Construction and Re-construction of Identities: A Study of Learners’ Personal and L2 Identity. Cogent psychology, 7(1), 1823635. DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1823635
Ng, S. H., & Deng, F. (2017). Language and power. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.436
Nie, P., Yao, J., & Tashi, N. (2021). Mapping the Linguistic Landscape from a Multi-Factor Perspective: The Case of a Multi-Ethnolinguistic City in China. International Journal of Multilingualism, DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2021.1898620
Pakarinen, S., & Björklund, S. (2018). Multiple Language Signage in Linguistic Landscapes and Students’ Language Practices: A Case Study from A Language Immersion Setting. Linguistics and Education, 44, 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2017.10.005
Patterson, O. (1980). Language, Ethnicity, and hange. Journal of basic Writing, 3(1), 62-73.
Qiu, C. A., & Qiu, Z. (2022). Language Maintenance and Shift of a Fangyan Group: The Case of Mid-Mountain Hakka in Hakka-Chaoshan Adjoining Areas. SAGE Open, 12(4), 21582440221132521. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221132521
Riani, Y. W., Ningsih, A. W., & Novitasari, M. (2021). A Linguistic Landscape Study in Indonesian Sub-Urban High School Signages: An Exploration of Patterns and Associations. 5(1).
Ridwan, M. (2018). National and Official Language: The Long Journey of Indonesian Language. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i2.14
Ritchie, J., & Lewis, J. (2003). The applications of qualitative methods to social research (pp. 24-46). London.
Sakhiyya, Z., & Martin-Anatias, N. (2020). Reviving the Language at Risk: A Social Semiotic Analysis of the Linguistic Landscape of Three Cities in Indonesia. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(2), 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1850737
Salla-Maaria Suuriniemi & Henri Satokangas (2023). Linguistic landscape of Finnish school textbooks, International Journal of Multilingualism, 20:3, 850-868,
DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2021.1950726
Shohamy, E. (2006). Language policy: Hidden agendas and new approaches. Routledge.
Silverstein, M. (1998). Contemporary Transformations of Local Linguistic Communities. Annual review of anthropology, 27(1), 401-426.
Spencer-Oatey, H. (2007). Theories of Identity and the Analysis of Face. Journal of pragmatics, 39(4), 639-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004.
Spolsky, B. (1998). Sociolinguistics (Vol. 1). Oxford university press.
Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy. Cambridge university press.
Spolsky, B. (2009). Language management. Cambridge University Press.
Susiawati, I., & Mardani, D. (2022). Bahasa Arab Bagi Muslim Indonesia antara Identitas dan Cinta pada Agama. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(5), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i5.5432
Suuriniemi, S., M., & Satokangas, H. (2023). Linguistic Landscape of Finnish School Textbooks, International Journal of Multilingualism, 20:3, 850-868, DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2021.1950726
Tabajunda, D. (2018). Linguistic Schoolscape as Public Communication: A Study of Announcements and Signages in De La Salle University–Dasmarinas. In Proceedings of the 32nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation
Takeshita, Y. (2020). English in Japan. In the Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 319-337). Routledge
Thai, S. C. (2019). Language Practice, Language Management and Language Ideology in Malaysian Schools (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya Malaysia).
Ulum, M. (2018). Eksistensi Pendidikan Pesantren: Kritik Terhadap Kapitalisasi Pendidikan. Ta’lim: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 240–257. https://doi.org/10.52166/talim.v1i2.949
Walker, T., Liyanage, I., Madya, S., & Hidayati, S. (2019). Media of Instruction in Indonesia: Implications for Bi/Multilingual Education. In I. Liyanage & T. Walker (Eds.), Multilingual Education Yearbook 2019 (pp. 209–229). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14386-2_12
Wang, J., J. (2015). Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan-A Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University. Intercultural Communication Studies, 24(1).
Wedin, A. (2021). Ideological and Implementational Spaces for Translanguaging in the Language Introduction Programme in Swedish Upper Secondary School. Multilingua, 41(3): 359–377. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2021-0126
Widodo, H.P. (2016). Language Policy in Practice: Reframing the English Language Curriculum in the Indonesian Secondary Education Sector. In: Kirkpatrick, R. (eds) English Language Education Policy in Asia. Language Policy, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22464-06
Wilkinson, R. (2009) Language, power and multilateral trade negotiations. Review of International Political Economy, 16:4, 597-619, DOI: 10.1080/09692290802587734
Wu, Y., Silver, R. E., & Zhang, H. (2021). Linguistic Schoolscapes of an Ethnic Minority Region in the PRC: A University Case Study. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1962326
Xiao, R., & Lee, C. (2019). English in the Linguistic Landscape of the Palace Museum: A Field-Based Sociolinguistic Approach. Social Semiotics, 32(1), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2019.1697542
Yan, X. (2018). A Study of Language Choices in the Linguistic Landscape of Macao’s Heritage and Gaming Tourism. Journal of Multilingualism and Multicultural Development, 40 (3), 198-217. https://doi.org/10/1080/01434632.2018.1498853
Yusuf, K., & Putrie, Y. E. (2022). The linguistic Landscape of Mosques in Indonesia: Materiality and Identity Representation. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 10(3).
Zein, S., Sukyadi, D., Hamied, F. A., & Lengkanawati, N. S. (2020). English language education in Indonesia: A review of research (2011–2019). Language Teaching, 1–33. doi:10.1017/s0261444820000208
Zahara, I., & Wijana, D. P. (2022). The Function of English Usage on Linguistic Landscape of Padang: A Case Study on Khatib Sulaiman Street. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 16(1), 26-43.
Zhang, X. (2020). English as First Foreign Language, French as Second Foreign Language in China: Policy and Practice. Journal of Education and Human Development, Vol. 9, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v9n3a8
Zhang, H., Seilhamer, M., K., & Cheung, Y., L. (2021). When the Evening Lights Are Lit: Exploring the Linguistic Landscape of Singapore’s Chinatown At Night, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. DOI: 10.1080/01434632.2021.1950165
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.