An Ecological Ideology of the Dyak Chief Poem As Represented from Metaphors, Appraisal, and Salience Patterns: An Ecological Discourse Analysis
Keywords:
Ecological Discourse Analysis, The Dyak Chief Poem, Metaphors, Appraisal Patterns, Salience Patterns
Abstract
The Dyak Chief Poem describes the poet's experience of witnessing the intersection of personal desires, cultural expectations, and the larger moral consequences of one's actions. This poem also presents a description of the nature of the island of Borneo at that time, which was still full of tropical rainforest. In addition to the themes of love, honor, and culture, this poem incorporates an ecological theme as its primary setting. Therefore, this poem is suitable for analysis using ecological discourse analysis to see whether this poem is eco-beneficial, eco-destructive, or eco-ambivalent. This research aims to determine the ecological ideology contained in this poem through metaphor, evaluation, and salience, using an ecological discourse analysis approach, which is a qualitative research method. The research results reveal that the depiction of nature as human illustrates the power of nature towards humans. In addition, upon examining the appraisal patterns, it becomes clear that only a few, such as appreciation and graduation, are directly related to nature. On the other hand, affect and judgment, on the other hand, pertain to the protagonist's own feelings and are not associated with either nature or the environment. The use of concreteness, transitivity patterns, and hyponyms reveal the salience of the poem. The researchers conclude, based on metaphor, appraisal, and salience patterns, that this poem is an eco-beneficial discourse that depicts nature as an integral part of human life, with which humans should coexist harmoniously.
References
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Goatly, A. (2022). Five themes for ecostylistics. Journal of World Languages, 8(3), 443–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0026
Gong, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Ecological Discourse Analysis of an UN Environmental Story in Terms of Transitivity Process. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.67
Hirsch, E. (2014). A poet’s glossary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Istianah, A., & Suhandano, S. (2022). Appraisal patterns used on the kalimantan tourism website: An ecolinguistics perspective. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2146928
Jakhrani, M. H. (2023). An In-Depth Morphological and Syntactic Analysis of the Poetic Language in The Snow-Storm by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 2(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.06.01
Janjua, F. (2022). Cultural ecologies, human sensations and natural environments: A transitivity analysis of I am Afraid of Muslims. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2110202
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan.
Massey, G. (2009). Reading the Environment: Narrative Constructions of Ecological Subjectivities in Australian Children’s Literature. QUT.
Meersmans, K., Hoffman, P., Vigliocco, G., Vandenbulcke Leuven, M. K., & Rufin Vogels, B. (2021). Effect of Word Concreteness and Word Valence on Semantic Processing in The Healthy Brain.
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Ogungbemi, O. (2024). Nature Speaks: Agency and Environment in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road. Jurnal Arbitrer, 11(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.2.186-195.2024
Poole, R. (2016). A corpus-aided ecological discourse analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate of Arizona, USA. Discourse and Communication, 10(6), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674775
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Strik Lievers, F., Bolognesi, M., & Winter, B. (2021). The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: Lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology. Cognitive Linguistics, 32(4), 641–670. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0007
Tater, T., Frassinelli, D., & Schulte Im Walde, S. (2022). Concreteness vs. Abstractness: A Selectional Preference Perspective. https://www.webcorpora.org/encow/
Tiya Ilahi, P., Arifin, M. B., & Sanhadi Rahayu, F. E. (2023). The Semantic Deviations of The Dyak Chief Poem by Erwin Clarkson Garrett. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7(3), 865.
van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Xue, Y., & Xu, Q. (2021). An ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times. Journal of World Languages, 7(1), 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0005
Youatt, R. (2017). Personhood and the rights of nature: The new subjects of contemporary earth politics. International Political Sociology, 11(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032
Yuang, C., & Yong-bi, Z. (2024). Ecological Discourse Analysis Based on the Corpus:A Case Study on the Environmental Discourse of 21st Century. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2024.08.007
bbas, J., Ajmal, M., Yousaf Khan, S., Khan, D. I., & Professor, A. (2024). Metaphor and Conceptual Blending in Ted Hughes’ The Hawk in The Rain: A Cognitive Stylistic Analysis. Journal of Development and Social, 5(2), 2709–6262. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-II-S)54
Anthony, L. (2024). AntConc (Version 4.3.1) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. https://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/AntConc
Arcilla Jr., F. E. (2024). Poetic Devices, Thematic Significance, and Social Realities in Poetry: A Critical Literature Review. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 5(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i1.935
Babi?, S. (2024). Animal Predators as A Characterising Element in Short Folklore Forms. Proverbium, 41(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.29162/pv.41.1.472
Cheng, M. (2022). Theoretical framework for ecological discourse analysis: A summary of New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis. Journal of World Languages, 8(1), 188–226. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0030
Goatly, A. (2022). Five themes for ecostylistics. Journal of World Languages, 8(3), 443–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0026
Gong, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Ecological Discourse Analysis of an UN Environmental Story in Terms of Transitivity Process. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.67
Hirsch, E. (2014). A poet’s glossary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Istianah, A., & Suhandano, S. (2022). Appraisal patterns used on the kalimantan tourism website: An ecolinguistics perspective. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2146928
Jakhrani, M. H. (2023). An In-Depth Morphological and Syntactic Analysis of the Poetic Language in The Snow-Storm by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 2(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.06.01
Janjua, F. (2022). Cultural ecologies, human sensations and natural environments: A transitivity analysis of I am Afraid of Muslims. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2110202
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan.
Massey, G. (2009). Reading the Environment: Narrative Constructions of Ecological Subjectivities in Australian Children’s Literature. QUT.
Meersmans, K., Hoffman, P., Vigliocco, G., Vandenbulcke Leuven, M. K., & Rufin Vogels, B. (2021). Effect of Word Concreteness and Word Valence on Semantic Processing in The Healthy Brain.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (Third Edition). SAGE.
Ogungbemi, O. (2024). Nature Speaks: Agency and Environment in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road. Jurnal Arbitrer, 11(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.2.186-195.2024
Poole, R. (2016). A corpus-aided ecological discourse analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate of Arizona, USA. Discourse and Communication, 10(6), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674775
Rani, S. (2020). Nature as Metaphor: A Journey through Robert Frost’s Poetry. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Trends, 2(2), 110–113. www.multisubjectjournal.com
Stibbe, A. (2015). Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By. Routledge.
Strik Lievers, F., Bolognesi, M., & Winter, B. (2021). The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: Lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology. Cognitive Linguistics, 32(4), 641–670. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0007
Tater, T., Frassinelli, D., & Schulte Im Walde, S. (2022). Concreteness vs. Abstractness: A Selectional Preference Perspective. https://www.webcorpora.org/encow/
Tiya Ilahi, P., Arifin, M. B., & Sanhadi Rahayu, F. E. (2023). The Semantic Deviations of The Dyak Chief Poem by Erwin Clarkson Garrett. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7(3), 865.
van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Xue, Y., & Xu, Q. (2021). An ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times. Journal of World Languages, 7(1), 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0005
Youatt, R. (2017). Personhood and the rights of nature: The new subjects of contemporary earth politics. International Political Sociology, 11(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032
Yuang, C., & Yong-bi, Z. (2024). Ecological Discourse Analysis Based on the Corpus:A Case Study on the Environmental Discourse of 21st Century. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2024.08.007
Anthony, L. (2024). AntConc (Version 4.3.1) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. https://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/AntConc
Arcilla Jr., F. E. (2024). Poetic Devices, Thematic Significance, and Social Realities in Poetry: A Critical Literature Review. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 5(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i1.935
Babi?, S. (2024). Animal Predators as A Characterising Element in Short Folklore Forms. Proverbium, 41(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.29162/pv.41.1.472
Cheng, M. (2022). Theoretical framework for ecological discourse analysis: A summary of New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis. Journal of World Languages, 8(1), 188–226. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0030
Goatly, A. (2022). Five themes for ecostylistics. Journal of World Languages, 8(3), 443–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0026
Gong, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Ecological Discourse Analysis of an UN Environmental Story in Terms of Transitivity Process. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.67
Hirsch, E. (2014). A poet’s glossary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Istianah, A., & Suhandano, S. (2022). Appraisal patterns used on the kalimantan tourism website: An ecolinguistics perspective. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2146928
Jakhrani, M. H. (2023). An In-Depth Morphological and Syntactic Analysis of the Poetic Language in The Snow-Storm by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 2(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.06.01
Janjua, F. (2022). Cultural ecologies, human sensations and natural environments: A transitivity analysis of I am Afraid of Muslims. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2110202
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan.
Massey, G. (2009). Reading the Environment: Narrative Constructions of Ecological Subjectivities in Australian Children’s Literature. QUT.
Meersmans, K., Hoffman, P., Vigliocco, G., Vandenbulcke Leuven, M. K., & Rufin Vogels, B. (2021). Effect of Word Concreteness and Word Valence on Semantic Processing in The Healthy Brain.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (Third Edition). SAGE.
Ogungbemi, O. (2024). Nature Speaks: Agency and Environment in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road. Jurnal Arbitrer, 11(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.2.186-195.2024
Poole, R. (2016). A corpus-aided ecological discourse analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate of Arizona, USA. Discourse and Communication, 10(6), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674775
Rani, S. (2020). Nature as Metaphor: A Journey through Robert Frost’s Poetry. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Trends, 2(2), 110–113. www.multisubjectjournal.com
Stibbe, A. (2015). Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By. Routledge.
Strik Lievers, F., Bolognesi, M., & Winter, B. (2021). The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: Lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology. Cognitive Linguistics, 32(4), 641–670. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0007
Tater, T., Frassinelli, D., & Schulte Im Walde, S. (2022). Concreteness vs. Abstractness: A Selectional Preference Perspective. https://www.webcorpora.org/encow/
Tiya Ilahi, P., Arifin, M. B., & Sanhadi Rahayu, F. E. (2023). The Semantic Deviations of The Dyak Chief Poem by Erwin Clarkson Garrett. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7(3), 865.
van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Xue, Y., & Xu, Q. (2021). An ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times. Journal of World Languages, 7(1), 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0005
Youatt, R. (2017). Personhood and the rights of nature: The new subjects of contemporary earth politics. International Political Sociology, 11(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032
Yuang, C., & Yong-bi, Z. (2024). Ecological Discourse Analysis Based on the Corpus:A Case Study on the Environmental Discourse of 21st Century. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2024.08.007
bbas, J., Ajmal, M., Yousaf Khan, S., Khan, D. I., & Professor, A. (2024). Metaphor and Conceptual Blending in Ted Hughes’ The Hawk in The Rain: A Cognitive Stylistic Analysis. Journal of Development and Social, 5(2), 2709–6262. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-II-S)54
Anthony, L. (2024). AntConc (Version 4.3.1) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. https://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/AntConc
Arcilla Jr., F. E. (2024). Poetic Devices, Thematic Significance, and Social Realities in Poetry: A Critical Literature Review. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 5(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i1.935
Babi?, S. (2024). Animal Predators as A Characterising Element in Short Folklore Forms. Proverbium, 41(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.29162/pv.41.1.472
Cheng, M. (2022). Theoretical framework for ecological discourse analysis: A summary of New Developments of Ecological Discourse Analysis. Journal of World Languages, 8(1), 188–226. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0030
Goatly, A. (2022). Five themes for ecostylistics. Journal of World Languages, 8(3), 443–485. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2022-0026
Gong, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Ecological Discourse Analysis of an UN Environmental Story in Terms of Transitivity Process. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.67
Hirsch, E. (2014). A poet’s glossary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Istianah, A., & Suhandano, S. (2022). Appraisal patterns used on the kalimantan tourism website: An ecolinguistics perspective. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2146928
Jakhrani, M. H. (2023). An In-Depth Morphological and Syntactic Analysis of the Poetic Language in The Snow-Storm by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 2(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.06.01
Janjua, F. (2022). Cultural ecologies, human sensations and natural environments: A transitivity analysis of I am Afraid of Muslims. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2110202
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan.
Massey, G. (2009). Reading the Environment: Narrative Constructions of Ecological Subjectivities in Australian Children’s Literature. QUT.
Meersmans, K., Hoffman, P., Vigliocco, G., Vandenbulcke Leuven, M. K., & Rufin Vogels, B. (2021). Effect of Word Concreteness and Word Valence on Semantic Processing in The Healthy Brain.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (Third Edition). SAGE.
Ogungbemi, O. (2024). Nature Speaks: Agency and Environment in Ben Okri’s The Famished Road. Jurnal Arbitrer, 11(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.11.2.186-195.2024
Poole, R. (2016). A corpus-aided ecological discourse analysis of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate of Arizona, USA. Discourse and Communication, 10(6), 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674775
Rani, S. (2020). Nature as Metaphor: A Journey through Robert Frost’s Poetry. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Trends, 2(2), 110–113. www.multisubjectjournal.com
Stibbe, A. (2015). Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By. Routledge.
Strik Lievers, F., Bolognesi, M., & Winter, B. (2021). The linguistic dimensions of concrete and abstract concepts: Lexical category, morphological structure, countability, and etymology. Cognitive Linguistics, 32(4), 641–670. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0007
Tater, T., Frassinelli, D., & Schulte Im Walde, S. (2022). Concreteness vs. Abstractness: A Selectional Preference Perspective. https://www.webcorpora.org/encow/
Tiya Ilahi, P., Arifin, M. B., & Sanhadi Rahayu, F. E. (2023). The Semantic Deviations of The Dyak Chief Poem by Erwin Clarkson Garrett. Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7(3), 865.
van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford University Press.
Xue, Y., & Xu, Q. (2021). An ecological discourse analysis of news coverage of COVID-19 in China in The Times and The New York Times. Journal of World Languages, 7(1), 80–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwl-2021-0005
Youatt, R. (2017). Personhood and the rights of nature: The new subjects of contemporary earth politics. International Political Sociology, 11(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olw032
Yuang, C., & Yong-bi, Z. (2024). Ecological Discourse Analysis Based on the Corpus:A Case Study on the Environmental Discourse of 21st Century. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2024.08.007
Published
2025-05-01
How to Cite
Zamruddin, M. P., Rahayu, F., Juliastuti, J., & Muhajir, F. (2025). An Ecological Ideology of the Dyak Chief Poem As Represented from Metaphors, Appraisal, and Salience Patterns: An Ecological Discourse Analysis. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 10(1), 159-177. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v10i1.898
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