Sentential and Conversational Implicature Inference-Making Ability of Tourism College Students Based on Proficiency Levels
Keywords:
discourse, english for tourism, inference-making ability, pragmatic meaning
Abstract
Studies on implicature inference-making ability of tourism students are ‘deficient,’ meanwhile implicature inference-making ability is crucial for tourism students. The current study aimed at: a) comparing implicature inference-making ability of sentences and short conversations between the low proficiency and high proficiency Tourism college students and b) exploring the factors which affect the learners’ implicature inference making-abilities. This is a mixed-methods study. The participants involved 320 students. Data collected with test for inferential ability were analyzed with Two-way Anova and qualitative data through iterative analysis. It is concluded that implicature inference-making ability of single sentences and short conversations between the low proficiency and high proficiency of the tourism college students is significantly different. However, there is no interaction of types of discourse and proficiency levels on implicature inference-making ability. Since the degree of skills affects implicature inference-making ability, the improvement of the students’ pragmatic understanding in English for Tourism should synchronize the types of implicature inference-making ability to be applied and their levels of skills.
References
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Chen, Po-Hsuan. (2020). The Interplay between English Proficiency and Reading Strategy Use in English Reading: Validating the Linguistic Threshold Hypothesis and the Interactive-Compensatory Model. Taiwan Journal of TESOL, 17(2), 1-37, 2020 doi: 10.30397/TJTESOL.202010_17(2).0001 1
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Claria, D.A.K. & Warmadewi, I.M. (2020). Problems in Teaching Tourism Register for English Specific Purposes (ESP) class. Journal of English Teaching Adi Buana, 5(02), 111-120.
Cruz, M.P., & Lopez, N.M. (2017). Interlanguage Pragmatics in a Service Encounter: Diagnosing How Spanish Learners of English for The Tourism Industry Inform Tourists at a Visitor Centre. Letras de Hoje, 52(3), 310-321. DOI: 10.15448/1984-7726.2017.3.29363
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Farahani, A.A.K., & Foomani, E.M. (2015). Lexical Inferencing in Listening: Patterns of Knowledge Source Use Across L2 Listening Proficiency Levels. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 2(6), 39-56
Flor, A.M. (2022). Input in the EFT Setting: Focus on the Teachers' Awareness and Use of Requests, Suggestions and Advice Acts. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 19, 73-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35869/vial.v0i0.3868
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Gilakjani, A.P., & Sabouri, N.N. (2016). Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review. English Language Teaching, 9(6), 123-133. DOI: 10.5539/elt.v9n6p123
Guo, J. (2015). Inference-Making and Linguistic Skills in Listening Comprehension: An Observation of French Students Learning Chinese. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 12(1), 318–331.
Hamouda, A. (2013). An Investigation of Listening Comprehension Problems Encountered by Saudi Students in the EL Listening Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2(2), 113-15. DOI:
Hu, H.M., & Nassaji, H. (2014). Lexical Inferencing Strategies: The Case of Successful versus less Successful Inferencers. System, 45, 27-38.
Huang, P. (2014). The Empirical Research on Affecting Factors of EFL Listening Test Result. The 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014) (pp. 831-834). Atlantis Press.
Irmer, M. (2009). Bridging Inferences in Discourse Interpretation. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Universit¨at Leipzig.
Ishihara, N., & Cohen, A. D. (2010). Teaching and Learning Pragmatics: Where Language and Culture Meet. Pearson Education.
Iswati, L., & Hastuti, D.D. (2020). Evaluating On-Going ESP Courses at Two Higher Education Institutions: Students' Perspectives. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 518. pp. 337-346. ISSN 2352-5398
Jalilifar, A., Shooshtari, Z.G., & Mutaqid, S. (2011). The Effect of Hedging Instruction on Reading Comprehension for Iranian University Students. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 69-89.
Jameson, D. A. (2013). Embedding Written and Oral Communication within the Hospitality Curriculum. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 19(1), 39–50. doi:10.1080/10963758.2007.10696881
Jenkins, J., Cogo, A., & Dewey, M. (2011). Review of Developments in Research into English as a Lingua Franca. Language Teaching, 44(3), 281–315.
Karasinski, C., & Weismer, S.E. (2010). Comprehension of Inferences in Discourse Processing by Adolescents with and without Language Impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 1268–1279.
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Published
2025-11-01
How to Cite
Byomantara, D. G., & Arifuddin, A. (2025). Sentential and Conversational Implicature Inference-Making Ability of Tourism College Students Based on Proficiency Levels. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 10(2), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v10i2.924
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